Confined detonation velocity

Confined Detonation Velocity and Borehole Loading Density of AN-FO... 

Uses. Minols have historically been used in four types of ordnance, a) underwater (mines, torpedoes and depth charges) where the confinement of water offsets some of the loss of detonation velocity, b) blockbuster bombs in which a sustained and powerful impulse is more destructive than a high peak press, c) concrete fragmentation bombs where the high impulse will impart a satisfactory fragment velocity but will not pulverize the concrete they contact on impact, and d) in general purpose (GP) bombs... 

Energy Release in Detonation of Aluminized Explosives. Part I. Effect of Confinement and Charge Diameter on the Detonation Velocity of Minol 2 , ARDE Report 616/44 (July 1944) 30) Anon, Studies of the Preparation,... 

Its expl properties were strength by Trauzl Test, 330 to 350cc, and detonation velocity 3000 to 500Qm/sec. The mining authorities prescribed the use of the strongest blasting cap to ensure detonation, but when well confined, a fuse alone caused expin (See also Ref 3, El Ref 4, Ger 42-L Ger 121-L)... 

Brisance. Sand test, 56.9g vs 53.0 for Pentolite and 43.0 for TNT plate dent test, method B, 141% TNT for cast un confined PTX-2, u 1.71g/cc Compatibility with metals. Does not affect Al, dry or wet does not affect mild steel, dry Detonation velocity. 8000—8065m/sec for an unconfined cast charge 1 inch in diam, d 1.70 g/cc vs 7500m/sec for Pentolite and 6900m/sec for TNT... 

The literature lists UNi as being 90% as powerful as TNT [5], Small-scale air-blast work displayed a far-field equivalency closer to 65% [12], Literature detonation velocities listed range from 3.4 to 4.7 km/s ( 11,200 to 15,400 ft/s) [13], The author has seen several different velocities in this region depending on the charge size and confinement. UNi possesses a low loading density (typically around 0.7 g/cm3). It is highly corrosive and readily attacks most metals. In terms of sensitivity, UNi is typically a tertiary explosives such as ANFO and requires a booster to be initiated. 

Confinement Influence on Detonation Velocity. See under Detonation (and Explosion), Velocity... 

Accdg to Dunkle (Ref 21), "There is not necessarily any relationship between the detonation velocity and the velocity of the shock wave in the surrounding medium normal to the shock front. It is when the shock velocity in the confining medium exceeds the detonation velocity that the shock fronc in said medium "runs ahead of the detonation front... 

Detonation and deflagration) 110) J. Herschkowitz, "The Chapman-Jouguet Plane for a Granular Explosive , PATM 1474(1964) (Based on the deton vel of a granular mixt of K perchlorate and powdered A1 confined in a Lucite tube and an ideal deton velocity calcd by the Ruby computer, H. found that the C-J plane is ca 0.9cm behind the plane at which the expln reaction begins) 111) W.H. Rinken-bach, formerly of PicArsn, Private communication, Oct 1964) 112) F.J, Cheselske, "In-... 

In diameters within the range between dc and djjj, the velocity is highly sensitive to diameter at lower densities and/or coarser granulations. The latter increase dm but, unlike lower densities, do not lower the ideal detonation velocity. Decrease in particle size, increase in confinement, and rise in charge density, decrease both dm and dc for TNT of high density and fine granulation, djjj can be as small as 3 0 cm and dc as small as 0.7 cm (See Fig 3.4 on p 48 of Cook s book )... 

Relationships between diameters and particle size) 287-89 (Influence of confining medium on limiting detonation velocity and limiting critical diameters) 289-95 (Influence... 

Detonation Velocity-Confinement and Obturation Relationship. Accdg to W.G. Penney (as quoted by Dunkle, Ref 8, p 209), deton rate of condensed phase expls is related to charge diam in the same way as confinement. The two relationships are equivalent, because the outer portions of a detonating chge give effective confinement to the central region... 

Accdg to Dunkle (Ref 8, p 206), confinement and obturation of expls in rigid tubes leads to an increase in deton velocity and this has been explained by various investigators on the basis of the hydrodynamic theory of detonation... 

Table 3, taken from data on pp 203 04 of Ref 11, gives relationship betw deton velocity, material of confining vessel, thickness of wall and chge density for some pure HE s... 

Stab-Type Detonators , Atlas Powder Co, Final Rept Apr 1957, Contract DAI-28 017-ORD-(P)-i207 (Conf) (Not used as a source of info) 7) L.Deffet J.Boucart, p 642 in the 6th Symp Combstn (1957) (Influence of confinement on deton velocity) 8) Dunkle s Syllabus/(1958)... 

See in the text 9) Cook (1958), (See in the text) 10) Baum, Stanyukovich Shekhter (1959), 287-89 (Influence of materials of confining vessel on deton velocity) 11) Andreev Belyaev (i960), 203 04 (Influence of material of confining vessel on deton velocity)... 

Detonation Velocity, Influence of Confinement on. See Detonation Velocity -Confinement and Obturation Relationship... 

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