Configurations exited

Normal Stress (Weissenberg Effect). Many viscoelastic fluids flow in a direction normal (perpendicular) to the direction of shear stress in steady-state shear (21,90). Examples of the effect include flour dough climbing up a beater, polymer solutions climbing up the inner cylinder in a concentric cylinder viscometer, and paints forcing apart the cone and plate of a cone—plate viscometer. The normal stress effect has been put to practical use in certain screwless extmders designed in a cone—plate or plate—plate configuration, where the polymer enters at the periphery and exits at the axis. 

Air Backflush A configuration unique to microfiltration feeds the process stream on the shell side of a capillaiw module with the permeate exiting the tube side. The device is rim as an intermittent deadend filter. Eveiw few minutes, the permeate side is pressurized with air. First displacing the liquid permeate, a blast of air pushed back-... 

Figure 3 Typical beam path configuration for collecting an FTIR spectrum using an attenuated total reflectance element Iq is the incident infrared beam, f is the exiting beam.

These are otherwise known as atmospheric or premix burners. Primary air is entrained into the gas stream prior to exit from the nozzle. The best known of these types is the Bunsen burner, and the most common is the ring-type domestic cooker hob arrangement. Both aerated and non-aerated types are often found in a bar configuration. Typical applications are heating of tanks and process uses involving direct heating of the product. Figure 24.9 shows a typical aerated bar burner. 

Utilizing a forced-draft fan, the burner has a gas head arranged to mix the fuel and air in a blast tube which controls the stability and shape of the flame. Gas exits from nozzles or holes in the head and is mixed partly in the high-velocity air stream and partly allowed to exit into an area downstream of a bluff body. Behind the bluff body, a relatively quiescent zone forms which provides a means for flame stability. Many configurations exist, but the most... 

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