Cone and socket

Two forms of triple neck adapters are shown in Fig. 11, 56, 11. The sizes of cones and sockets are similar to those for the double neck adapter. These adapters convert an ordinary flask into what is virtually a three-necked flask. 

Mg. 11, 56, 17 (Davies types) and Fig. 11, 56, 18 (double coil type) are examples of efficient double surface condensers. Fig. 11, 56, 19 depicts a screw type of condenser (Friedrich pattern) the jacket is usually 10, 15 or 25 cm. long and the cone and sockets are fil9 or 24 this highly efficient condenser is employed for both reflux and for downward distillation. 

Glass surfaces which must fit closely are usually ground to shape. The most common example is the cone-and-socket joint the surfaces are first worked to an approximate fit with fairly coarse carborundum (about 100 mesh) which is put between them and wetted. The cone is rotated by hand or in a lathe or drill chuck, or by a special machine, until the smfaces meet closely—the carborundum must be kept moist all the time. The coarse abrasive is then washed off, and the grinding continued a number of times with progressively finer abrasive. Various possible abrasives are mentioned on p. 39. 

A convenient laboratory-scale storage device consists of a Schlenk tube (about 100 raL) with a Teflon valve in the side arm and a socket joint on top of the body of the tube. The stopper is the corresponding Teflon-seated ball joint attached to a small Teflon valve (Fig. 2), which allows the air in the space above the socket to be purged with nitrogen prior to closing the tube. The ball and socket joint is preferable to the common cone and socket arrangement because the metal oxide crust that invariably forms in the joint is more easily broken. 

IkXj, WL alternative working lines. The second one is, of course, optional. J -Ji cone-and-socket joints, at least B.19, preferably B.24. J and can, of course, be replaced by fused junctions. T, hollow key vacuum taps of... 

The interchangeability of conical joints (cone and socket joints) is ensured by the use of a standard taper of 1 in 10 on the diameter in accordance with the recommendations of the International Organisation for Standardisation and of the various national standardising authorities. The brand name Quickfit is a registered trademark (J. Bibby Science Products Ltd) and used to describe... 

Carbon forming- and moulding-tools and casehardened grinding tools must be provided for each size of joint being made. The standard taper surfaces of these tools must be protected from any type of wear or damage. The success of this method of making standard taper cones and sockets depends on the accuracy of the tools and on the accuracy of the glass blanks. 

Grinding must not be used to compensate for inaccurate blanks. It should be understood that cone and socket blanks must be annealed, preferably in an oven, before the grinding is undertaken. 

The number of rejects from the first few batches of fifty cones and sockets may be as high as 50 70. 

Cones and sockets should, after cutting, have a length of tube left, not less than the length of the ground zone. The heating should not extend to the ground zone. The finished glassware should be oven-annealed. 

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