Condyles

Daily doses studied have ranged from 9 to 22.6 mg of fluoride over time periods of 1-4 years [98]. These trials were particularly concerned with the use of slow-release NaF [112,113] or sodium monofluorophosphate preparations [114,115], and they generally led to reductions in the incidence of bone fracture, as shown in Table 3. In addition, they typically caused increased bone density at the neck of the femur, the femoral condyle and the lower spine [98] (Table 3). 

Skull Pre-maxillae, nasals, frontals, parietals, interparietal, occipitals (supraoccipital, occipital condyles, basioccipital), zygomatics, squamosals, lacrimals, tympanic bullae, mandibles, hyoid, palatine bone, vomer, presphenoid, basisphenoid, maxillae Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4. 

In poultry, manganese deficiency causes a different clinical picture when it affects the egg than when it affects the hatched bird In the case of the egg, the embryo become swollen and deformed, and their skeletons become defective and fragile [ chondrodystrophy"). Adult birds develop perosis (slipped tendon) which is an enlargement and malfunction of the libiiil metatarsal joint, followed hy slipping of the Achilles tendon from the condyles. The bone deformities seen in poultry also can be induced in mammals. 

At first, we describe the physiological histology of developmental mouse mandibular condylar cartilage. At El4, there were no development features of mandibular condyle,... 

Ishiwari Y, Nagatsuka H, Inoue M and Nagai N (1999) Localized expression of type I, II and X collagen genes in the mandibular condyle of immature mice. Okayama Dent. J. 723 688-698. 

Shimizu T, Tsujigiwa H, Nagatsuka H, Okafuji N, Kurihara S, Nagai N and Kawakami T (2005) Expression of Notchl and Mathl in mandibular condyle cartilage in neonatal mice. Angle Orthodont. 75 993-995. 

Tang GH and Rabie ABM (2005) Runx2 Regulates Endochondral Ossification in Condyle during Mandibular Advancement. J. Dent. Res. 84 166-171. 

Figure 9.5. Photomicrograph showing contraction of the tissue around a circular defect made in the femoral condyle of a rabbit. The contraction is evidence that an active tension is present across the surface of the tissue.

Repair of clinically significant, symptomatic, cartilaginous defects of the femoral condyle (medial, lateral or trochlear) caused by acute or repetitive trauma Imaging agent for colorectal cancer... 

The group of van den Berg prefers for assessment of structural changes in the mouse knee the coronar sections over the sagittal plane (van der Kraan et al. 1994), depicting both condyles, and facilitating the detection of osteophytes. 

Figure 2.4 Formation of a connective tissue capsule separating an uncoated Ti6AI4V surface (right) from the surrounding bone (left) after implantation into the femoral condyle of adult dogs for 6 months (Itiravivong et al., 2003).

Figure 7.80 (a) A Ti6AI4V cube (5 mm x 5 mm x 5 mm) implanted into the lateral condyle of a dog s femur without a coating, showing the formation of a layer of connective tissue separating the implant from the... 

Leriem, P., Langeland, N.. Romanus, B., Pettersen, J.E. and Goldie, I.F. (1975). A biochemical analysis of subchondrial bone of the medial tibial condyle in the normal state and in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, Acta Orthop. Scand. 46, 672-684 Livingstone, H.D. (1971). Distribution of zinc, cadmium and mercury in the human kid-neys Proc. Trace Subst. in Environ. Health Vol.V. (Ed.Hemphill, D.D.) University of Missouri, Columbia, p.399... 

The studies were carried out using circular cylindrical plugs of cartilage and bone that were cut from the medial femoral condyles of adult steers (approximately 2 years old). The... 

We will choose one which everyone will be familiar with—the amazing human knee joint. The knee joint is unique in our bodies. It is quite unlike the ball and socket joints of our hips or shoulders and the pivot joint of our elbows. Although those are all marvels of engineering, the knee is truly exceptional. It consists of several elements, but the critical design parts are (a) the two condyles of the femur bone that rotate in (b) the matching concave grooves of the tibia, and (c and d) the two cruciate ligaments (so called because they cross over each other) that fit in the space between the condyles. 

The physical dimension of a template defines the boundary of regeneration. Thus, the size of the collagen template should match the tissue defect to be repaired. A properly sized meniscal substitute has been found to function better than a substitute which mismatches the physical dimension of the host meniscus [Rodkey et al., 1998 Sommerlath et al., 1991]. For a porous, elastic matrix such as the one designed from collagen for meniscal tissue repair, the shape of the meniscus is further defined in vivo by the space available between the femoral condyles and tibial plateau within the synovial joint. 

Meniscus A C-shaped fibrocartilage anatomically located between the femoral condyles and tibial plateau providing stability and shock absorption and assisting in lubrication of the knee joint. 

The shape of the articular smfaces of the proximal tibia and distal femm must fulfill the requirement that they move in contact with one another. The profile of the femoral condyles varies with the condyle... 

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