Conduits dialysis

In Curacao, the major island of the Netherlands Antilles with a population of 130,000 inhabitants, distilled seawater from the water plant was used without further purification for hemodialysis for several decades. Unfortunately, two months before the planned installation of a water treatment system including a reversed osmosis (RO) in the dialysis center Diatel, a new distribution pipe supplying water to a dialysis center on the island was installed in 1996. To protect it from corrosion, this pipe was lined on the inside with a cement mortar. Because of the aggressiveness of the distilled water, calcium and Al leached from the cement mortar into the water used to prepare dialysate. At the time of replacement of the new conduit pipe, 29 patients were dialyzed in the dialysis unit. Patients were dialyzed three times per week during 3.5 to 4.5 hours using hollow fiber kidneys (Fresenius, F6 and F8). Untreated tap... 

For online measurements, the dialysis step is very important because, through dialysis, the solid particles can be retained, the solution can be purified, and also some of the interference can be eliminated. The main disadvantages of dialysis are the slow speed involved and the low recovery of analyte. These parameters can be improved by introducing the dialyser into the conduits of a SIA system. 

With the incorporation of a passive, neutral, semi-permeable dialysis membrane into the conduits of the sequential injection system, the contact time of the sample zone with the membrane had much influence on the... 

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