Conductivity bromine storage

Zinc—bromine storage batteries (qv) are under development as load-leveling devices in electric utilities (64). Photovoltaic batteries have been made of selenium or boron doped with bromine. Graphite fibers and certain polymers can be made electrically conductive by being doped with bromine. Bromine is used in quartz—haUde light bulbs. Bromine is used to etch aluminum, copper, and semi-conductors. Bromine and its salts are known to recover gold and other precious metals from their ores. Bromine can be used to desulfurize fine coal (see Coal conversion processes). Table 5 shows estimates of the primary uses of bromine. 

Safety risks and the environmental impact are of major importance for the practical success of bromine storage system. The nonaqueous polybromide complexes in general show excellent physical properties, such as good ionic conductivity (0.1-0.05 Qcirf1), oxidation stability (depending on the nature of the ammonium ion), and a low bromine vapor pressure. The concentration of active bromine in the aqueous solution is reduced by formation of the complex phase up to 0.01-0.05 mol/L, hence ensuring a decisive decrease of selfdischarge. 

Miscellaneous bromine uses are in catalysts, fluxes, precious metal recovery, hair care products, food additives, flotation agents in ore treatment, solvents, refrigerants, quartz-halide light bulbs, some lasers, some photovoltaic batteries, and some electrically conductive polymers. Zinc-bromine storage batteries are being developed for use as... 

---