Conduction hydrocarbon liquids

All metal parts were grounded to prevent electric arcing during experiments with, the non-conducting hydrocarbon liquid. 

Flexible tubing for high pressure service, equipped with stainless steel overbraid plus tube adapter end connections, is commonly available with a carbon black-loaded PTFE core tube to dissipate static. Numerous other designs of conductive and antistatic tubing are available for low pressure applications. The utility of conductive tubing in preventing fires during transfer of aromatic hydrocarbon liquids is described in [165]. 

The thermal conductivity of hydrocarbon liquids is given in Figuie 2-6. The viscosity of natural gases and hydrocarbon liquids is discussed in Volume 1... 

Figure 2-6. Thermal conductivities of hydrocarbon liquids. (Adapted from Natl. Bur. Stas. Misc. Pub. 97, reprinted from Process Heat Transfer by Kern, McGraw-Hill, Co. 1950.)...

We have also investigated the kinetics of free radical initiation using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator [24]. Using high pressure ultraviolet spectroscopy, it was shown that AIBN decomposes slower in C02 than in a traditional hydrocarbon liquid solvent such as benzene, but with much greater efficiency due to the decreased solvent cage effect in the low viscosity supercritical medium. The conclusion of this work was that C02 is inert to free radicals and therefore represents an excellent solvent for conducting free radical polymerizations. 

Apparently 9-phenylfluorenyl is not only a good anion but also a bad cation. The chloride probably shares in some of the resonance stabilization of the anion while the cation does not. Another example of a connection between the resonance of an anion and the properties of a related covalent compound is provided by the hydrocarbon triphenyl-methylcyclopentadiene, which has an unusually high dipole moment although it does not conduct in liquid sulfur dioxide.180... 

POLAR. Descriptive of a molecule in which the positive and negative electrical charges are permanently separated, as opposed to non-polar molecules in which the charges coincide, Polar molecules ionize in solution and impart electrical conductivity. Water, alcohol, and sulfuric acid are polar in nature most hydrocarbon liquids are not. Carboxyl and hydroxyl groups often exhibit an electric charge, The formation of emulsions and the action of detergents are dependent on tills behavior,... 

ASTM D 4308 Standard Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision Meter. ... 

Electrical Conductivity. Hayashi et al. (14) have made electrical conductivity measurements in irradiated styrene, a-methylstyrene, and isobutyl vinyl ether. The observed specific conductivities in these monomers were of the same order of magnitude, at a given dose rate, as that measured in cyclohexane. Since the G values for ion production in most hydrocarbon liquids are approximately the same, they concluded that the conducting species in the monomer systems must have had approximately the same molecular size as cyclohexane. Also, since the observed specific conductances of the three monomers and that of cyclohexane showed a square-root dependence on the dose rate, they concluded that the behavior of kinetically independent oppositely charged carriers was being observed, with very little effect of the applied field on the recombination process. 

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS OF THE METHANE SERIES. 

CONDUCTIVITY OF LIQUID SATURATED HYDROCARBONS C6H14-C17H36 AND NORMAL ALCOHOLS C4H10 aC18H38 0. 

Electrokinetic effects] hydrocarbon liquid velocity too high/conductivity too low/ pipes not grounded. 

The electrical conductivity of liquid hydrocarbons can be measured by a precision meter. The method is used to evaluate aviation fuels and oflier low-conductivity hydrocarbons. The generation and dissipation of electrostatic charges in liquids during handling depends on ionic species which may be characterized by electrical conductivity at rest. The dissipation time of the charges is inversely proportional to the conductivity. The measurement is done by a conductivity meter. 

ASTM D 4308-95. Standard test method for electrical conductivity of liquid hydrocarbons by precision meter. 

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