Conducting polymer complexes

Baughman, R.H., and L.W. Shacklette. 1989. Conductivity as a function of conjugation length Theory and experiment for conducting polymer complexes. Phys Rev B 39 5872. 

Synthesis of Ag-polypyrrole core-shell nanoparticles offers an efficient and simple route for the fabrication of a nanostructured metal/conducting polymer complex (Chang et al. 2012). 

Environmental instability and/or thermal Instability is the major problem which has till now precluded a variety of important applications of organic conducting polymers. With the exception of p-doped polypyrrole and related polymers, which appear to have a relatively stable ambient state conductivity, highly conducting polymer complexes generally decrease in conductivity upon exposure to the... 

Poly(p-phenylene sulfide), PPS, is the only commericially available processible precursor to a conducting polymer complex. Gas phase doping of PPS films with ASF5 leads to substantial chemical and physical alteration of the polymer and a substantial loss of the mechanical properties of the parent polymer. In this section we will describe a recently discovered method which allows the retention of processibility in the PPS system,... 

T. W. Lee and Y. Chung. 2008. Control of the surface composition of a conducting-polymer complex film to tune the work function. Adv Funct Mat 18(15) 2246-2252. 

Scheme 1 Preparation of components of an ion-conductive polymer complex.

Practical appHcations have been reported for PVP/ceUulosics (108,119,120) and PVP/polysulfones (121,122) in membrane separation technology, eg, in the manufacture of dialysis membranes. Electrically conductive polymers of polyaruline are rendered more soluble and hence easier to process by complexation with PVP (123). Addition of small amounts of PVP to nylon 66 and 610 causes significant morphological changes, resulting in fewer but more regular spherulites (124). 

The development of highly selective chemical sensors for complex matrixes of medical, environmental, and industrial interest has been the object of greate research efforts in the last years. Recently, the use of artificial materials - molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) - with high recognition properties has been proposed for designing biomimetic sensors, but only a few sensor applications of MIPs based on electrosynythesized conductive polymers (MIEPs) have been reported [1-3]. 

It is now 20 years since the first report on the electrochemistry of an electrode coated with a conducting polymer film.1 The thousands of subsequent papers have revealed a complex mosaic of behaviors arising from the multiple redox potentials and the large changes in conductivity and ion-exchange properties that accompany their electrochemistry. 

The ionic conductivity of the MEEP/metal salt systems was improved by adding a-Al203 particles into the complexes. Chen-Yang [603] obtained a conductivity 0=9.7x10" S cm" for the composite polymer complex MEEP/Li-CIO4/2.5 wt% AI2O3. The cation transport number was in this case 0.77. 

The ionic conductivity of complexes of the polymer VIII n=3 with potassium, sodium and cesium thiocyanates were also determined. The conductivity of the polymer complexed with CsSCN is in the order of 10" S cm" at 30 °C, and lO- Scm-i at 90 °C [616]. 

Given the actual scenario, one can state that the emerging field of nanotechnology represents new effort to exploit new materials as well as new technologies in the development of efficient and low-cost solar cells. In fact, the technological capabilities to manipulate matter under controlled conditions in order to assemble complex supramolecular structures within the range of 100 nm could lead to innovative devices (nano-devices) based on unconventional photovoltaic materials, namely, conducting polymers, fuUerenes, biopolymers (photosensitive proteins), and related composites. 

Chemical and electrochemical techniques have been applied for the dimensionally controlled fabrication of a wide variety of materials, such as metals, semiconductors, and conductive polymers, within glass, oxide, and polymer matrices (e.g., [135-137]). Topologically complex structures like zeolites have been used also as 3D matrices [138, 139]. Quantum dots/wires of metals and semiconductors can be grown electrochemically in matrices bound on an electrode surface or being modified electrodes themselves. In these processes, the chemical stability of the template in the working environment, its electronic properties, the uniformity and minimal diameter of the pores, and the pore density are critical factors. Typical templates used in electrochemical synthesis are as follows ... 

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