Condensers schema

Fig. 2.43. Schema of a steam-sterilizable closing mechanism for vials. The pressure plate (1), by which the stoppers are pushed into the vials is sterilized jointly with the chamber. The shaft (2) to which the pressure plate is connected, moves into the chamber during stoppering. It is not sterilized with the chamber. Therefore the shaft is sterilized in a separate chamber (3). This chamber can also be connected to the vacuum pumping system (4) as to the steam supply (5). Water condensing during the sterilization can be drained by (6). A special seal (7) can (by (8)) also be connected to steam or vacuum, and be sterilized (schematic drawing from information by AMSCO Finn-Aqua, D-50354 Hiirth).

Fig. 2.48.1. Schema of a steam-sterilizable stainless steel bellows, which separates the valve shaft from the condenser chamber.

To the valve plate 2, bellows 3, valve drive 4, condenser wall (schema from source material by AMSCO Finn-Aqua, D-50354 HUrth). 

Fig. 2.49.2. Schema of a freeze drying production plant with approx. 20 m2 shelf area. The chamber and condenser are in the same vacuum chamber, separated by a wall in which the valve is built, providing the shortest possible path for the water vapor. The condenser and the brine heat exchanger are cooled by LN2. The condenser surface is made from plates (Fig. 2.49.3), its temperature can be controlled between -110 °C and -60 °C. The shelves can be controlled by the circulated brine between -70 °C and +50 °C. The trays with product can be automatically loaded and unloaded from a trolley. The shelves can be pressed together in one block and the trays are loaded to the shelves by pushing one shelf after another in front of the trolley.

Capsaicinoids are synthesized by the condensation of vanillylamine with a short chain branched fatty acyl CoA. A schematic of this pathway is presented in Fig. 8.4. Evidence to support this pathway includes radiotracer studies, determination of enzyme activities, and the abundance of intermediates as a function of fruit development [51, 52, 57-63], Differential expression approaches have been used to isolate cDNA forms of biosynthetic genes [64-66], As this approach worked to corroborate several steps on the pathway, Mazourek et al. [67] used Arabidopsis sequences to design primers to clone the missing steps from a cDNA library. They have expanded the schema to include the biosynthesis of the key precursors phenylalanine and leucine, valine and isoleucine. Prior to this study it was not clear how the vanillin was produced, and thus the identification of candidate transcripts on the lignin pathway for the conversion of coumarate to feruloyl-CoA and the subsequent conversion to vanillin provide key tools to further test this proposed pathway. 

Fig. 2.18.1. Schema of a water vapor condenser for a freeze drying plant.

A different approach consists of a two-steps stereoselective synthesis of Combretastatin A-4, based on the Perkin condensation of 3,4,5-trimethoxy phenyl acetic acid and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde, followed by decarboxylation of the cirmamic acid intermediate using copper and quinoline [11] (Schema 4). 

Figure 15 (a) Schema of an LN2-cooled condenser 1, LN2 inlets 2, LN2 outlets,... 

Figure 18 Schema of optimized flow conditions from the chamber to the condenser A, free diameter of the valve B and C, free areas to the condenser coils (E) D, mushroom valve with conical displacement piston J F, inlet and outlet of refrigerant G, vacuum pump connection H, water drain K, shelves pch. chamber pressure pco, condenser pressure. 

Figure 2 Schema of TLC densitometer CD 60 (DESAGA). 1. Deuterium lamp, tungsten halogen lamp, and mercury vapor lamp. 2. Minor. 3. Entry slit. 4. Mirror. 5. Diffraction grating. 6. Beam slit. 7. Condenser. 8. Photomultiplier. 9. TLC plate. 10. IBM PC compatible.

FIGURE 7.3 The Schema of a flare with scrubber dynamic 1 - scrubber dynamic 2 - governor valves 3 - the ignite burner, 4 - a pilot-light burner, 5 - a torch pipe / - waste gas // - fuel gas III - a condensate. 

Armenia) and, from 1959, at the Severodonetsk branch of GIAP (Gosudarstvennyy Institut Azotnoy Promyshlennosti, Azot Association, Ukraine). In 1967, Freydlin came into VNIPIM and began with a team of coworkers to develop the world s first industrial-scale electrosynthesis of sebacic acid [96, 97]. The process includes condensation of methyl adipate according to Brown-Walker synthesis (-edai schema), with subsequent hydrolysis ... 

---