Concurrent benefit

DFA is one of the main tools and techniques prescribed by the PIM process. Other tools and techniques currently specified include QFD, FMEA and DOE. Significant benefits have been obtained through the use of the tools and techniques in a team-based concurrent engineering environment. They inject method, objectivity... 

When topological strategies are used concurrently with other types of strategic guidance several benefits may result including (1) reduction of the time required to find excellent solutions (2) discovery of especially short or convergent synthetic routes (3) effective control of stereochemistry (4) orientational (regiochemical) selectivity (5) minimization of reactivity problems and (6) facilitation of crucial chemical steps. 

In general, for smokers with cardiac disease, the benefits of nicotine replacement therapy outweigh the potential risks. In a safety and efficacy study that included veterans with cardiac disease, smoking concurrently with the nicotine patch was not associated with an increase in adverse events (Joseph et al. 1996). Although bupropion SR is generally well tolerated by smokers, it has not been adequately studied in persons with cardiac disease, and definitive conclusions regarding its safety in this patient population cannot currently be made (Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2003). 

There is concern regarding administration of dexamethasone to patients with pneumococcal meningitis caused by penicillin- or cephalosporin-resistant strains, for which vancomycin would be required. Animal models indicate that concurrent steroid use reduces vancomycin penetration into the CSF by 42% to 77% and delays CSF sterilization due to reduction in the inflammatory response.23 Treatment failures have been reported in adults with resistant pneumococcal meningitis who were treated with dexamethasone, but the risk-benefit of using dexamethasone in these patients cannot be defined at this time. Animal models indicate a benefit of adding rifampin in patients with resistant pneumococcal meningitis whenever dexamethasone is used.21,23... 

Long-term use of hormone-replacement therapy and concurrent use of progestins appear to contribute to breast cancer risk.7 The use of postmenopausal estrogen-replacement therapy in women with a history of breast cancer generally is considered contraindicated. However, most experts believe that the safety and benefits of low-dose oral contraceptives currently outweigh the potential risks and that changes in the prescribing practice for the use of oral contraceptives are not warranted. Oral contraceptives are known to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by about 40% and the risk of endometrial cancer by about 60%. 

The relatively poor spatial resolution of XPS compared, for example, with electron microscopy techniques such as SAM is more than offset by the benefit of concurrent chemical state identification. 

The training of a GCS takes place concurrently with the evolution of its geometry. The adjustment of the node weights resembles the equivalent process in the SOM, but some extra bookkeeping is needed so that, when the time comes to expand the network by adding a unit, the new unit can be inserted into the network at the position in which it can be of the greatest benefit. In summary, the GCS algorithm is as follows ... 

FIGURE 59-1. Pharmacotherapy treatment algorithm. A select population of individuals, based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) together with concurrent risk factors, may benefit from medication therapy as an adjunct to a program of weight loss that includes diet, exercise, and behavioral modification. (CHD, coronary heart disease DM, diabetes mellitus, HTN, hypertension INC WC, >40 inches for males and >35 inches for females LCD, low-calorie diet.)... 

Just as programming language constmcts relieve you of the tedium of assembler, multithreaded systems benefit from a library of concurrency and synchronization primitives. 

Regardless of which route, or combination, is appropriate, most projects would benefit from carefully managed iterations (see Pattern 13.3, Short-Cycle Development) and from concurrent development work (see Pattern 13.4, Parallel Work). 

The half-life of 2-hexanone and its metabolites in blood plasma has not been established however, elimination from the body does appear to occur in less than 24 hours following both inhalation and ingestion exposures (DiVincenzo et al. 1977, 1978). 2-Hexanone is not known to accumulate over time in any tissues in the body (see section 2.3.4). While elimination enhancement through stimulation of metabolism of 2-hexanone may reduce some forms of toxicity, if used within the short time that 2-hexanone is retained in the body, there is the risk that these same metabolic reactions may form reactive metabolites such as 2,5-hexanedione. Furthermore, concurrent exposures to other substances may also occur for which stimulation of these same metabolic pathways is contraindicated. Therefore, the benefit of stimulating specific metabolic pathways to enhance 2-hexanone elimination is unclear and should be studied further. 

Concomitant therapy -Wr en amantadine and levodopa are initiated concurrently, the patient can exhibit rapid therapeutic benefits. Maintain the dose at 100 mg/day or twice/day, while levodopa is gradually increased to optimal benefit. 

Infections Anakinra has been associated with an increased incidence of serious infections (2%) vs placebo (less than 1%). Discontinue administration if a patient develops a serious infection. Do not initiate treatment with anakinra in patients with active infections. The safety and efficacy of anakinra in immunocompromised patients or in patients with chronic infections have not been evaluated. Coadministration of anakinra and etanercept has not demonstrated increased clinical benefit. Carefully monitor patients when considering initiation of anakinra therapy concurrently with etanercept therapy. 

Serious infections were seen in clinical studies with concurrent use of anakinra and another TNF -blocking agent, etanercept, with no added clinical benefit compared with etanercept alone. The combination of infliximab and anakinra is not recommended. 

Concurrent administration of etanercept (another TNF -blocking agent) and anakinra (an interleukin-1 antagonist) has been associated with an increased risk of serious infections, and increased risk of neutropenia and no additional benefit compared with these medicinal products alone. Other TNF -blocking agents (including infliximab) used in combination with anakinra also may result in similar toxicities. 

Randomized Trials Illustrating the Benefit of Cisplatin-Based Concurrent Chemoradiation... 

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