Conceptual machinery

I will later analyse some of the functions of the conceptual machinery presented to account for the Mods and Rockers and consider the forces that shaped its content. The basic mode of... 

The conclusion that mitochondria may be essentially inactive in the intracellular Ca " homeostasis during normal conditions, and only become activated when emergency situations must be controlled (or, possibly, in response to pharmacological influences), may sound excessively negative. Conceptually, it would seem difficult to justify the development of such a sophisticated machinery as that for the transport of Ca " in and out of mitochondria if its use would only be limited to the improbable cases where cytosolic Ca is allowed to fluctuate widely out of the normal limits. It may well be, however, that the primary reason for the development of the systems that constitute the Ca cycle of mitochondria has not been the control of cytosolic Ca under normal physiological conditions. The kinetic limitations of the mitochondrial system, and the existence in cells of other membrane structures capable of transporting Ca back and forth more efficiently than mitochondria under normal in situ conditions, are undisputable facts. Even the role... 

A) The case study represented in Fig. 6.1 by column (b) uses one and the studies of column (c) and (d) use another specification methodology and tool implementation machinery, namely NATURE (b), see Sects. 3.1 and 6.2, and Graph Transformation for (c) and (d), see Sects. 3.2, 6.3 and 3.4, 6.4. Hence, these conceptual realization models differ tremendously. In the Graph Transformation approach (columns (c) and (d)), we specify tool behavior by corresponding before/after states of a document s internal form. Accordingly the description is an abstract implementation. 

In the previous subsection, we used the example of diffusion to illustrate the proliferation of temporal scales in one of the central problems in the study of materials. The present discussion has a similar aim in that we will briefly review fhe features of plasticity that place modeling demands at many different spatial scales. Though plasticity is also an area of immense importance, the conceptual foundations for its analysis both at the macroscopic level as well as from a reductionist perspective are not nearly as mature as is the study of diffusion. Recall that at the macroscopic scale in the context of diffusion we have the time-honored diffusion equation while at the microseopic scale we have the machinery of transition state theory as the basis of a well-defined scheme for informafion passage. By way of contrast, the macroscopic equations of plasticity are not nearly as robust as the diffusion equafion and there is no clear path for... 

Conceptually gene therapy involves the repair or correction of the machinery, as it were, that is at the very foundation of genetically induced diseases. Genetic diseases arise because a defective gene does not turn on a specific protein. In genetically induced cancers, however, the opposite may occur. That is, a gene that normally suppresses abnormal cell production is defective and fails to do so. This allows uncontrolled cell proliferation in essence, a malignancy. 

The leading idea of the abstract link is that it provides a relationship between two different t) pes of potential models, but does little else. In practice, links are instantiated as connection pairs between terms of the conceptual space of one theory to those of another e.g. x, Xj,...), Xp,Xq,...)) that may have some additional restrictions in terms of either values that the quantities can take in the link, or a (law-like) relation between these concepts. The machinery for links can become cumbersome, but the concept is not conceptually complex it expresses that some terms in one conceptual space can be connected to (a number of) terms in the other conceptual space. 

The remainder of the structures, E and B are more specifications of the remainder of the system in the language of simple quantum mechanics - one specifying that the electrons will be treated with the machinery of quantum mechanics, the other specifying the basis in which the quantum mechanical wavefunction will be expanded - they are not overly interesting from a conceptual space point of view. 

The notion of scientific progress necessarily undercuts the claims of science itself. Considered historically, any fact is just a hoax that is believed until it is debunked. Technologies that Poe s texts describe are metaphors for encounters between different conceptual, experimental, and communicational techniques of worldmaking. The tools of science, like the machinery of reason and the leap of the artist, are devices for crossing the gap between the current approximations of the structure of the universe and the cosmic truth that may lie behind it a new world replaces the old. 

There are several conceptual arguments against this molecular mechanics construction, and there were many difficulties in its actual implementation. First, molecular vibrations are quantized, and are not near an equipartition regime at ordinary temperatures, so vibrational energies cannot be considered as a continuum. Second, organic molecules are multiform, while experimental force constants are available only for a handful of simple systems. Third, it must be assumed that equilibrium structural parameters and force constants are transferable among chemical systems, because if new parameters are to be found for each new molecule to be treated, the method loses much if not all of its practical appeal. Then, of course, the whole machinery rests upon a judicious choice of these transferable parameters. 

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