Compounds Containing Sulfur—Oxygen Bonds

1 S—O Stretching Vibrations Sulfoxides Alkyl and aryl sulfoxides as liquids or in solution show strong absorption in the 1070-1030 cm 1 region. 

Sulfones Spectra of sulfones show strong absorption bands at 1350-1300 and 1160-1120 cm-1. These bands arise from asymmetric and symmetric S02 stretching, respectively. Hydrogen bonding results in absorption near 1300 and 1125 cm-1. Splitting of the high-frequency band often occurs in CCI solution or in the solid state. 

Sulfonyl Chlorides Sulfonyl chlorides absorb strongly in the regions of 1410-1380 and 1204-1177 cm 1. This increase in frequency, compared with the sulfones, results from the electronegativity of the chlorine atom. 

Sulfonamides Solutions of sulfonamides absorb strongly at 1370-1335 and 1170-1155 cm h In the solid phase, these frequencies are lowered by 10-20 cm 1. In solid samples, the high-frequency band is broadened and several submaxima usually appear. 

Primary sulfonamides show strong N—H stretching bands at 3390-3330 and 3300-3247 cm 1 in the solid state secondary sulfonamides absorb near 3265 cm 1. 

Sulfonyl Chlorides Sulfonyl chlorides absorb strongly in the regions of 1410-1380 and 1204- 

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Conjugation of the 7t-electrons of the carbon-carbon double bond with the LUMO sulfur 3d-orbitals would be expected to stabilize the Hiickel 4n -I- 2 (n = 0) array of n-electrons in the thiirene dioxide system. No wonder, therefore, that the successful synthesis of the first member in this series (e.g. 19b) has initiated and stimulated several studies , the main objective of which was to determine whether or not thiirene dioxides should be considered to be aromatic (or pseudo-aromatic ) and/or to what extent conjugation effects, which require some sort of n-d bonding in the conjugatively unsaturated sulfones, are operative within these systems. The fact that the sulfur-oxygen bond lengths in thiirene dioxides were found to be similar to those of other 802-containing compounds, does not corroborate a Hiickel-type jr-delocalization... 

Table 9 Examples of Triorganotin and Triorganolead Compounds Containing Metal-Oxygen, -Sulfur or -Nitrogen bonds Exhibiting One-dimensional Associated Structures...

Insertions of these sulfur-containing compounds into metaL-oxygen bonds are listed in Table 1 . ... 

Promoters are not necessary for the polymerization reaction of VDF. Their use could increase the reaction rate and decrease the reaction time. Suitable promoters include reducing agents such as oxidizable sulfoxy compounds, that is, sulfur compounds which contain a sulfur-oxygen bond. Examples of these compounds include sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, sodium hydrosulfite, sodium thiosulfite, and ammonium bisulfite. The rate of addition of promoters ranges Ifom 0.001 % to 5% by weight, based on the amount of monomer. Other types of promoters include acetylenic alcohols, propargyl alcohol, nickel carbonyl, and iron carbonyl. 

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