Composting other systems

It must be noted that most certification systems are specifically aimed at the evaluation of industrial compostability, as this is the most frequently used end of life option. Some other systems are related to biodegradation in soil, water or home compostability. 

Disposal The final func tional element in the sohd-waste-management system is disposal. Disposal is the ultimate fate of all solid wastes, whether they are wastes collected and transported direc tly to a landfQl site, semisolid wastes (sludge) from industrial treatment plants and air-pollution-control devices, incinerator residue, compost, or other substances from various solid-waste processing plants that are of no further use. 

Determining the fate and movement of nutrients and metals in representative plant/soil systems amended with sewage sludge, composts, and other wastes... 

In this study, waste was separated manually and composted without air pumping. Therefore, neither energy nor auxiliary fuels were needed. However, whenever RDF is produced in factory settlement, electricity and diesel are needed together with other supplement activities. For that system by using DSP method, separation, transportation, and other processes are required. Therefore, 93.8 kWh of electricity is needed for 1 ton of input waste operation [15]. 

The developer claims that one advantage of composting is that it is more effective than other solid-phase treatment systems for soils and slndges contaminated with viscons snbstances snch as coal tar, creosote, or petroleum production facility slndges and still bottoms. 

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