Compositional images

S. J. Pennycook. EMSA Bulletin. 19, 67, 1989. A summary of compositional imaging using a high-angle annular dark-field detector in a field emission STEM instrument published by the Electron Microscopy Society of America, Box EMSA Woods Hole, MA 02543. 

C. E. Lyman, H. G. Stenger, and J. R. Michael. Ultramicroscopy 22, 129, 1987. This paper demonstrates high-resolution compositional imaging with the field-emission STEM. 

Since ion beams (like electron beams) can be readily focussed and deflected on a sample so that chemical composition imaging is possible. The sputtered particles largely originate from the top one or two atom layers of a surface, so that SIMS is a surface specific technique and it provides information on a depth scale comparable with other surface spectroscopies. 

The acquired images are composite images that consist of fluorescence stemming from different molecular species donors, acceptors, or FRET pairs (Figs. 7.1 and 7.2). These fluorescent... 

Bearing this in mind, the acquired images are composite images that consist of multiple terms (see Fig. 7.1 for symbols, see Appendix Table 7.A1) as follows ... 

Fig. 8 The fluorescence image of Chenopodium album salt gland seen in laser-scanning confocal microscope. The excitation wavelength 488 nm, emission > 520 nm. A - single image of the gland slice B - stack of the slices (sum, resulting or composite image) of the gland.

PCA analysis helps to identify the spectral differences of the rock. Every specific rock appears in a divergent colour in RGB composite image of PCA bands (Krishnamurthy 1997). False colour composite image of PCA bands 5, 4, and... 

You can also capture the non-specific autofluorescence emitted by elastic lamellae and erythrocytes using a filter exciting the autofluorescence in the red spectrum under a longer exposure than with the filter exciting specific fluorescence in the green spectrum and merge them into a composite image, as shown in Fig. 5.2. 

Fig. 13.2 Triple staining of a nipple duct and the adjacent nipple epidermis for K14 (red), ER (pink), and K8/18 8 (green), a Composite image. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue), b The same as a a, but without nuclear counterstaining. c Red component (for K14) of the composite image, d Pink component (for ER) of the composite image. Note the immature glandular epithe hum of the duct and the abmpt transformation to squamous cell epithelium of the nipple. ER (pink nuclei) is only expressed in glandularly differentiated cells...

Figure 9.8 Composite image of a series of double-crystal topographs recorded at different incidence angles of a SI LEC GaAs sample. The image is a set of contours of equal effective misorientation. (Courtesy S.J.Bamett)...

Figure 17.2 Twenty frame composite image of the flame within the Countercurrent Swirl Combustor (exhaust port is on the right)...

Figure 17.6 shows the results for a typical composite image of the entire flame in which the image intensity, or gray scale value, is plotted on the vertical axis against radial and axial distance coordinates. To find the flame area, a threshold intensity is first picked and a binary image is created with all pixels with intensities above the threshold set to 1 (white) and the rest set to 0 (black). The number of white pixels is then proportional to the surface area of the flame at that intensity contour. This process is then repeated to build up a plot of flame area versus a normalized threshold number (intensity value/256) such as that shown in Fig. 17.7a. 

Fig. 8.2 (A) Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) image of a coronary artery using Revolution 45 MHz IVUS imaging catheter. (B) Plaque composition imaging using volcano VH IVUS system. Green areas represent Fibrous plaque. Yellow is fibro-fatty areas. Red is the necrotic core and white represents areas of dense calcium...

Fig. 42 SEM micrographs of wear track (contact area) showing the wear mechanisms involved in different PTFE-EPDM composites. Images on the right are magnifications of those on the left...

THE COMPOSITE IMAGE OF SANDULEAK -69° 202, CANDIDATE PRECURSOR TO SN 1987A IN THE LMC... 

Fig. 11 Phase contrast micrographs of line segment written at 1K (upper row) and 11.5 K (lower row) above Tc into PDMS/PEMS blend of critical composition. Images in columns taken after 100, 300, and 2,000 s. Figure from [100], Copyright (2007) by The American Physical Society...

Figure 1 Composite image of the essential components of a SOEC stack...

Fig. 5.16. Backscattered electron compositional image of the transition zone between a Fe-Ni alloy and the aluminium melt saturated with the alloy constituents. Temperature 700°C, dipping time 3600 sec. The content of iron in Fe-Ni alloys is expressed in mass %. 

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