Conversion functions composite data type

The rate equations of both these processes are quite complex, and there is little likelihood that the effectiveness could be deduced mathematically from fundamental data as functions of temperature, pressure, conversion, and composition, which is the kind of information needed for practical purposes. Perhaps the only estimate that can be made safely is that, in the particle size range below 1 mm or so, the effectiveness probably is unity. The penetration of small pores by liquids is slight so that the catalysts used in liquid slurry systems are of the low specific surface type or even nonporous. 

Fundamental deactivation data are more difficult to obtain than fundamental catalytic reaction rate data because the latter must be known before the nature of the deactivation function can be determined. This is largely due to the kinds of reactors that are used to study deactivation. Many of the usual difficulties experienced in trying to get fundamental deactivation data can be obviated by using a reactor system in which the conversion and hence the compositions of the major components remain constant both in time and in space within the reactor. A description of an apparatus of this type and its utilization to study the deactivation of a real catalytic reaction are presented in this paper. The problem of determining the initial activity in a rapidly deactivating system is also discussed. 

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