Complex immobilized

In comparison with traditional biphasic catalysis using water, fluorous phases, or polar organic solvents, transition metal catalysis in ionic liquids represents a new and advanced way to combine the specific advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. In many applications, the use of a defined transition metal complex immobilized on a ionic liquid support has already shown its unique potential. Many more successful examples - mainly in fine chemical synthesis - can be expected in the future as our loiowledge of ionic liquids and their interactions with transition metal complexes increases. 

Table 4 Results of the alkene epoxidation reactions with m complexes immobilized on MCM-41 by cationic exchange -CPBA catalyzed by (salen)Mn ...

Table 12 Results of reactions of ethyl glyoxylate with different alkenes, catalyzed by several bis(oxazoline)-copper complexes immobilized on Y zeolite...

An enhancement of SPR signal intensity was observed by the addition of the antibody to the divalent antigen-antibody complex immobilized onto the surface of the sensor chip, indicating the formation of linear supramolecules. An amplification method of the detection signals for a target molecule has been... 

In contrast to Co-porphyrin complexes, the direct four-electron reduction of 02 has been only very rarely claimed to be catalyzed by a cobalt phthalocyanine 404 407 In particular cofadal binuclear Co-Pc complexes immobilized on pyrolytic graphite catalyze only the two-electron electroreduction of 02 to H202.408,409 However, recent work has established that an electropolymerized Co-Pc derivative provides a stable four-electron reduction pathway over a wide pH range 410... 

CL sensors based on immobilization of nonenzyme reagents have been extensively studied in recent years. Nakagama et al. [63] developed a CL sensor for monitoring free chlorine in tap water. This sensor consisted of a Pyrex tube, packed with the uranine (fluoresceine disodium) complex immobilized on IRA-93 anion-exchange resin, and a PMT placed close to the Pyrex tube. It was used for monitoring the concentration of free chlorine (as HCIO) in tap water, up to 1 mmol/L, with a detection limit of 2 nmol/L. The coefficient of variation (n =... 

Since cobalt on kieselguhr in one of the original Fischer-Tropsch catalysts (1-9), it appeared attractive to investigate the catalytic activity of cobalt complexes immobilized on polystyrene. Although there are many supported cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts known (see, for example, references 18-21), no polystyrene-bound systems had been reported. During the course of our work 18% (22,60,61) and 20% (23) crosslinked analogs of CpCo(C0)2 were shown to exhibit limited catalytic activity but no CO reduction. A preliminary disclosure of our work has appeared (2)4). 

A.K. McEvoy, C.M. McDonagh and B.D. MacCraith, Dissolved oxygen sensor based on fluorescence quenching of oxygen-sensitive ruthenium complexes immobilized in sol-gel-derived porous silica coatings, Analyst, 121(6) (1996) 785-788. 

The use of heterogeneous catalysts in this reaction has also been achieved palladium-montmorillonite clays [93] or palladium/activated carbon [94] in the presence of dppb transformed 2-allylphenols into lactones, the regiose-lectivity of the reaction being largely dependant on the nature of the support. Very recently, palladium complexes immobilized onto silica-supported (polyaminoamido)dendrimers were used as catalysts in the presence of dppb for the cyclocarbonylation of 2-allylphenols, 2-allylanilines, 2-vinylphenols, and 2-vinylanilines affording five-, six-, or seven-membered lactones and lactams. Good conversions are realized and the catalyst can be recycled 3-5 times [95]. 

X.-M. Li, F.-C. Ruan, and K.-Y. Wong, Optical characteristics of a ruthenium(II) complex immobilized in a silicone rubber film for oxygen measurement, Analyst 118, 289-292 (1993). 

The electroreductive dehalogenation of a-haloacetic acids has been achieved with cobalamin [387]. The hydrophobic vitamin B12 Co complex immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode (252) may catalyze the electrochemical carbon-skeleton rearrangements of... 

Kim, G. J. Park D. W. (2000) The catalytie aetivity of new ehiral salen complexes immobilized on MCM-41 in the asymmetrie hydrolysis of epoxides to diols., Catalysis Today 63 537-547. 

Figure 5.19 Unsymmetrical Katsui-type Mn complex immobilized on Merrifield s resin [72].

Figure 7.3 Proposed structures of 7C-allyl rhodium siloxide complexes immobilized on silica.

P MAS NMR spectra of the soHd homogeneous CODRhChiraphos complex and the same complex immobilized on Al-SBA-15 were measured in order to elucidate the nature of the immobilization (Fig. 2.1.6.2). The homogeneous complex gave a strong signal at 59 ppm and two weaker ones at 30 and 75 ppm due... 

Table 2.1.6.4 Nitrogen sorption data of the Co(ll)-Jacobsen complex immobilized on AI-MCM-41 by ion exchange or impregnation.

The catalytic activity of the (S,S)-Co(ll)-Jacobsen complex immobilized by impregnation was found to be higher in the HKR of meso and terminal epoxides than the activity of the same complex immobilized by ion exchange. 

Conductive polymers are useful semiconductors or coating materials to construct solar cells. A new photodiode is proposed to be made from a film of a polymer metal complex. Immobilized catalysts on polymers are used for solar energy storage systems. 

Metal complexes immobilized on crosslinked polymer matrices are hard to characterize by the customary physicochemical techniques, which is why no quantitative studies have been made on the catalytic activity of polymer complexes. 

Studies on the immobilization of Pt-based hydrosilylation catalysts have resulted in the development of polymer-supported Pt catalysts that exhibit high hydrosilylation and low isomerization activity, high selectivity, and stability in solventless alkene hydrosilylation at room temperature.627 Results with Rh(I) and Pt(II) complexes supported on polyamides628 and Mn-based carbonyl complexes immobilized on aminated poly(siloxane) have also been published.629 A supported Pt-Pd bimetallic colloid containing Pd as the core metal with Pt on the surface showed a remarkable shift in activity in the hydrosilylation of 1-octene.630... 

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