Complex batch reaction sequence

BATSEQ - Complex Batch Reaction Sequence System... 

BATCOM - Batch Reactor with Complex Reaction Sequence... 

Dynamics of an Equalisation Basin 560 Dimensionless Kinetics in a Batch Reactor 235 Batch Reactor with Complex Reaction Sequence 240 Single Solute Batch Extraction 442 Mixing and Segregation 394... 

Under some conditions, it is observed that complex oscillatory sequences develop even in batch systems, typically towards the end of the oscillatory phase of the reaction. Transient chaos —see section A3.14.3.3— appears to be established [18]. 

Biofuels are produced in a sequence of large batch operations involving bio/chemical reactions, separation and purification steps, followed by formulation with specific additives. The final product must comply with multiple quality specifications despite the variability in raw materials and the complexity of unit operations used in their processing. 

Due to the number of experiments necessary in such studies which take typically times of several hours to several days, there is a strong incentive to work on acceleration of synthesis experiments in zeolite science. On the other hand, there are also major obstacles to overcome in such an endeavour. Zeolite syntheses are often carried out at elevated pressure, reaction media are typically corrosive, precursor solutions and the synthesis gel itself may be highly viscous and difficult to handle, the synthesis is very sensitive to preparation conditions, such as sequence of reagent addition, stirring (difficult for small volumes) may be necessary for some formulations, aging conditions may differ from batch to batch, if automated sequential preparation is chosen, the work-up involving many steps is complex, and the resulting materials are often not phase-pure and difficult to characterize. Nevertheless, in spite of these problems some of the earliest examples for the synthesis of catalytically relevant solids in parallelized and - some points -automated equipment were reported for zeolites [4]. 

The integral in the last expression above is not a simple form and is best evaluated by numerical means. Use of the expansion factor is limited to reactions where there is a linear relationship between conversion and volume. For reactions that have complex sequences of steps, a linear relationship may not be true. Then we must rewrite the rate definition for a batch reactor ... 

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