Complement-mediated killing

Other applications dealt with the development of a luciferin ester substrate to measure the luciferase activity in living cells [141], the detection of toxic compounds such as sodium azide, fluoroacetic acid, and antibiotics [142], the development of a biosensor for the determination of bioavailable mercury [143], the use of eukaryotic luciferases as bacterial markers with different colors of luminescence [144], the determination of complement-mediated killing of bacteria [145], and the development of a bioassay for the determination of HIV type 1 virus and HIV-1 Tat protein activity, valuable also for analysis of HlV-inhibi-tory agents [146],... 

Horta, M.F., Ramalho-Pinto, F.J. and Fatima, M. (1991) Role of human decay-accelerating factor in the evasion of Schistosoma mansoni from the complement-mediated killing in vitro. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 1 74, 1 399-1406. 

Ramalho-Pinto, F.J. McLaren, D.J. and Smithers, S.R. (1978) Complement-mediated killing of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni by rat eosinophils in vitro. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 147, 147-156. 

Pluschke, G., Mayden, J., Achtman, M., Levine, R.P. Role of the capsule and the O-antigen in resistance of 018 K1 Escherichia coli to complement-mediated killing. J Bacteriol 42 (1983a) 907-913. 

Duerst, R. E., Rose, D. and Frantz, C. N. (1991). Complement depletion in vitro limits monoclonal antibody 6-19-dependent complement-mediated killing of tumor cells in bone marrow. Exp. Hematol. 19, 863-867. 

Joiner K, Brown E, Hammer C et al. Studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing. III. C5b-9 deposits stably on rough and Type 7S. pneumoniae without causing bacterial killing. J Immunol 1983 130(2) 845-849. 

Merino S, Camprubi S, Alberti S et al. Mechanisms of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistance to complement-mediated killing. Infect Immun 1992 60 2529-2535. 

Heffernan J, Reed S, Hackett J et aL Mechanism of resistance to complement-mediated killing of bacteria encoded by the Salmonella typhimurium virulence plasmid gene rck. J Clin Invest 1992 90 953-964. 

Pausa M, Pellis V, Cinco M et al. Serum-resistant strains of Borrelia burgdorferi evade complement-mediated killing by expressing a CD59-like complement inhibitory molecule. J Immunol 2003 170(6) 3214-3222. 

Mart N, Luu RA, Fernandez RC. Bordetella pertussis binds hiunan Cl esterase inhibitor during the virulent phase, to evade complement-mediated killing. J Infect Dis 2007 195 585-588. 

By the time they have reached the lungs, schistosomula are innately resistant to immune effector mechanisms that are capable of killing schistosomula newly transformed from cer-cariae. In part, this is a reflection of the fact that growing schistosomula develop the ability to avoid activating complement and to evade recognition by antibodies (see below), and therefore are no longer susceptible to antibody or complement-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. However, studies in which these evasion mechanisms have been experimentally bypassed have revealed underlying resistance to immune effector molecules (Moser et al., 1980) the basis of this resistance is unknown. 

---