Competitive Networks

Plastics China Technologies, Markets and Growth Strategies to 2008 49 

Network Location Products Export Revenues (2002) Share of the Chinese Market (2002) Global Market Share (2002) 

Chenghai and Shenzhen (Guangdong Province) Shengzhou Toys US 5.1 billion N/A 26% 

Shenzhen (Guangdong Province) Christmas decorations US 2.4 billion N/A N/A 

Wenzhou (Zhejiang province) Cigarette lighters US 78 million 95% 70% 

---

Buss, L. W. and Jackson, J. B. C., Competitive networks nontransitive competitive relationships in cryptic coral reef environments, Am. Nat., 113, 223, 1975. 

Television writers live in fear of the commercial break. That s when a viewer is most likely to flip channels and see what s playing on a competitive network. 

In addition to providing some control of price risk, futures and options markets are also very useful mechanisms for price discovery and for gauging market sentiment. There is a world-wide need for accurate, real-time information about the prices established through futures and options trading, that is, a need for price transparency. Exchange prices are simultaneously transmitted around the world via a network of information vendors terminal seiwices directly to clients, thereby allowing users to follow the market in real time wherever they may be. Energy futures prices are also widely reported in the financial press. These markets thus enable an open, equitable and competitive environment. 

With the opening of the transmission network to all resource suppliers, many marketing entities entered the game in the mid-1990s. Many of these marketers are subsidiaries of already established gas suppliers. Some have been created solely for the electric industry. Still others have been formed from the utilities themselves. All of these etitities arc competition-motivated. Facility planning and reliability issues, while important to their business, are left to other organizations. 

Wold JS. Supercomputing network A key to U.S. competitiveness in indnstries based on life-sciences excellence. Testimony before the U.S. Senate, Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee Science, Technology and Space Subcommittee. http //www.funet.fi/pnb/sci/molbio/historical/biodocs/wold.txt... 

Ammonia also reacts with the acrolein intermediate, via the formation of an imine or possibly oxime intermediate which transforms faster to the acrylonitrile than to the acrylamide intermediate. This pathway of reaction occurs at lower temperatures in comparison to that involving an acrylate intermediate, but its relative importance depends on the competitive reaction of the acrolein intermediate with the ammonia species and with catalyst lattice oxygens. NH3 coordinated on Lewis sites also inhibits the activation of propane differently from that absorbed on Brsurface reaction network in propane ammoxidation. 

The training process of a Kohonen network consists of a competitive learning procedure and can be summarized as follows ... 

The initial dominance of path b in the competitive reaction arises because the concentration ratio [6 )]/[4] is large enough to overwhelm the reactivity ratio j[rirX]/, which would favour the more reactive path a. This supports previous suggestions that the Pd(BINAP), which has never been isolated or observed spectroscopically, exists only fleetingly in stoichiometric and catalytic reaction networks. 

Remember that proponents of airline deregulation argued for price benefits of competition, but they did not foresee how it would revolutionize the logistics functions of corporate America through the rise of companies such as Federal Express. Similarly, those who advocated telecommunications competition did not anticipate the new value-added services provided at the switch and whole new categories of customer-owned equipment connected to the network. 

On the debit side, the linearization method is quite sensitive to the form of the network element model. Jeppson and Tavallaee (J2) reported that convergence rate was slow when the usual pump and reservoir models were incorporated, but they obtained significant improvements after the models had been suitably transformed. Although the number of iterations required is small using formulations A and B, the dimension of the matrix equation is substantial. Hence, it becomes essential to use sparse computation techniques if the method is to retain its competitive edge in larger problems. 

Lee BW, Sheu BJ (1990) Combinatorial optimization using competitive Hopfield neural network. Proc Internat Joint Conf Neural Networks II 627, Washington, DC... 

---