Competition paradigms

The effects on feeding seem quite robust as various authors have reported reliable effects of 8-OH-DPAT. Only one study found strain differences in response to 8-OH-DPAT [6]. Shepherd and Rodgers [7] demonstrated that 8-OH-DPAT effects on food intake were not limited to rats only. They demonstrated the spedfidty of 8-OH-DPAT effects on feeding in mice using a behavioural competition paradigm. 

The new competitive paradigm that we have described places the firm at the centre of an interdependent network - a confederation of mutually complementary competencies and capabilities - which competes as an integrated supply chain against other supply chains. 

As Sperm Competition Theory is applied to more and more organisms, its early promise as a paradigm for the understanding of sexual behaviour has been maintained. I suggest that human sexuality is no exception. As I hope this paper continues to show, there are few aspects of human copulation, masturbation and infidelity that have not been shaped during evolution, at least in part, by the threat of sperm competition. 

F. L. Holmes, The Revolution in Chemistry and Physics overthrow of a reigning paradigm or competition between contemporary research programmes , Isis, 2000, 91, 725-753. 

Over the past decade there has been a substantial improvement in the ability to predict metabolism-based in vivo drug interactions from kinetic data obtained in vitro. This advance has been most evident for interactions that occur at the level of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-catalyzed oxidation and reflects the availability of human tissue samples, cDNA-expressed CYPs, and well-defined substrates and inhibitors of individual enzymes. The most common paradigm in the prediction of in vivo drug interactions has been first to determine the enzyme selectivity of a suspected inhibitor and subsequently to estimate the constant that quantifies the potency of reversible inhibition in vitro. This approach has been successful in identifying clinically important potent competitive inhibitors, such as quinidine, fluoxetine, and itraconazole. However, there is a continuing concern that a number of well-established and clinically important CYP-mediated drug interactions are not predictable from the classical approach that assumes reversible mechanisms of inhibition are ubiquitous. 

Holmes, Frederic Lawrence. The Revolution in Chemistry and Physics Overthrow of a Reigning Paradigm or Competition between Contemporary Research Programs. Isis 91, 2000, 735-753. 

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