Capitalization company names

Company names capitalization, 86 in article titles, 17 Comparatives, hyphenation in unit modifiers, 80 81... 

Use only an initial capital letter, not all capitals, for company names that are not acronyms, because company names are not trademarks and are not protected by law. 

Spell out and capitalize company and corporation as part of company names when they appear in an author s affiliation. Abbreviate them elsewhere in text. After the first mention, drop Co. and Corp. and use only the company name. 

Stockholders Equity. This is the total interest that the stockholders have in the business. The stockholders equity is the net worth of the company, namely, the total assets minus the total liabilities. For convenience, stockholders equity is divided into three categories capital stock, capital surplus, and accumulated retained earnings. 

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where John Wiley Sons, Tnc, is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or allcapttal letters, Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration. 

Cost of Capital The value of the interest rate of return used in calculating the net present value (NPV) of a project is usually referred to as the cost of capital. It is not a constant value since it depends on the financial structure of the company, the policy of the company toward a particular project, the local method of assessing taxation, and, in some cases, the measure of risk associated with the particular projec t. The last-named fac tor is best dealt with by calculating the entrepreneurs risk allowance inherent in the project i from Eq. (9-108), written in the form... 

Designations used by companies to distinguish tbeh products are often clAimed as trademarks [n Sdl instances where John VJiley Sons, Inc, is aware oI a claim, die product names appear in initial capital or ALL CAPITAL LETTERS Readers, boweuer, should contact the appropriate companies lot mote complete infcsmation regarding trademarks and tegistradon... 

Cross-subsidies occur, as the company is given incentives to expand its production activity even in low-profit productions (for example, producing brand name generics), as it can recover the authorized rate of return for the entirety of the capital invested. 

Fixed assets are items that have a relatively long life such as land, buildings, and manufacturing equipment. The sum of these items is the total proper, plant, and equipment. From this total, accumulated depreciation is subtracted and the result is net property and equipment. Last, an item referred to as intangibles includes a variety of items such as patents, hcenses, intellectual capital, and goodwill. Intangibles are difficult to evaluate since they have no physicm existence e.g., goodwill is the value of the company s name and reputation. The sum of the total current assets, net proper, and intan tes is the total assets. 

Maintenance The maintenance expense consists of two components, namely, materials and labor, approximately 60 and 40 percent, respectively. Company records are the oest information sources, however, a value of 6 to 10 percent of the fixed capital investment is a reasonable figure. Processes with a large amount of rotating equipment or that operate at extremes of temperature and/or pressure have higher maintenance requirements. 

Big pharma companies have to foster two opposite cultures at the same time, namely creative, intellectually intensive research a la Hollywood on one hand and capital-intensive lean production a la Detroit on the other hand. 

The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. 

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