Compaction, detergents

In contrast to heavy-duty conventional or (super)compact detergents, alkanesulfonates are well suited as cost-limiting ingredients in personal care products. Consequently, there are a lot of proposals to formulate shampoos, shower products, and bubble baths (cf. Refs. 78 and 79). Examples of basic formulations are given in Table 24. The commercialization of such formulations, mostly as no-name brands, is, however, only marginal. Some new aspects have been... 

Many of these products are appropriate for either machine or hand washing. Most of them are marketed as compact detergents and have an average bulk density of 0.4—0.5 kg/L. 

Various presentations on the technology for manufacturing compact detergent powders). GEA Niro A.S., Soeborg, Danmark, 3rd issue (1993). 

Advances in genetic and protein engineering have led to new classes of enzymes with novel benefits for use in compact products. In 1988, lipase appeared in one of the first compact powders to hit the Japanese market. Since then lipase has found broad application in the global detergent market. Second-generation lipases with improved cleaning efficiency were developed in the compact detergent market [19]. 

The TAED levels in compact detergents are higher than those found in conventional formulations, in part to compensate for the lower dosages used. Typically, 4—6% TAED is present. When performance has had to be sacrificed in the development of a compact formulation (e.g., due to builder or surfactant changes), higher TAED levels can, to a certain extent, compensate for this loss. In tandem with the higher TAED levels, the sodium perborate content of compacts is approximately 10—18% as the tetrahydrate salt or 8— 12% as the monohydrate salt. If percarbonate is used, this is typically present at 8-12%. 

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