Communication reporting limits

Dohlert and Knutson (1991) and D. J. Manners (personal communication) reported that extracts of sugary maize contain a mixture of limit dextrinase and isoamylase. However, James et al. (1995) reported that su 1 codes for the isoamylase. 

In general, tlicsc Section 313 reports appear to be of limited value in emergency pUnming. Over time, however, tlicy nuay contain infonnation tliat cati be used by local plaimcrs in developing a complete understanding of the total spectrum of ha7.ru-ds tliat a given facility may pose to tlie community. 

Additional studies of the Woburn population have been completed (MDPH 1994). The final report indicated that there was an increased prevalence in choanal atresia, a rare respiratory effect, and hypospadias/congenital chordee. A small increase in eye defects was observed, but there was no association between TCE exposure and heart defects. There was no statistically significant associations between exposure concentrations and birth defects, although analyses was limited by the small number of cases observed. Based on four cases in the Woburn population, a rate of 0.88 was observed in the exposed population, compared to rates of 0.11 and 0.13 in the Atlanta and California comparison populations, respectively. In a prospective study completed after well closure, the rate of choanal atresia was 0.88 (based on 1 case) in Woburn, 0.11 in the surrounding communities, and 0.2 and 0.13 in Atlanta and California, respectively. The study authors cautioned that their study did not rule out moderate increases in rates of the less common adverse reproductive outcomes. For these outcomes only large increases would have been detected. 

How well has Dill s prediction held up In 2000, the first ever microsecond-long molecular dynamics simulation of protein folding was reported. It required 750,000 node hours (equal to the product of the number of hours times the number of processors) of computer time on a Cray T3 supercomputer. According to Dill s prediction, this length of simulation was not to be expected until around 2010. However, as noted above, Dill s analysis does not take into account large-scale parallelization—which, unless the computation is communications-limited, will effectively increase the speed of a computation in proportion to the number of processors available. 

In the final phase of risk analysis—risk characterization—one integrates outputs of effects and exposure assessments. Risk is expressed in qualitative or quantitative estimates by comparison with reference values (e.g., hazard quotient). The severity of potential or actual damage should be characterized with the degree of uncertainty of risk estimates. Assumptions, data uncertainties and limitations of analyses are to be described clearly and reflected in the conclusions. The final product is a report that communicates to the affected and interested parties the analysis findings (Byrd and Cothern, 2000). 

Most of the reference materials proposed in this report are based on natural matrices (seawater, algal cells, sediment) and will initially only be certified for a limited number of constituents. Nevertheless, it is apparent that such materials provide a resource for the investigation of a much wider variety of constituents, and it is important that the ocean science community be encouraged to investigate these materials further. In particular, these materials would enable a wide variety of necessary interlaboratory method comparisons that have been neglected to date, and ultimately additional consensus values for further constituents will be assigned to various research materials. 

In the mid 1990s, the first reports on the performance of monolithic columns created much excitement in the scientific community. High-performance separations at low backpressure and a short analysis time were the promise. Nevertheless, it was several years before the first commercial products became available,and made it possible to obtain a proper judgement on the ability and the limitations of the technology. 

A survey of the environmental control and monitoring technology used in several experimental studies indicated significant limitations in experimental control capability. There are seven controlled-environment chambers or clean-room facilities in the United States for human exposure (community air pollution inhalation) from which studies have been reported. Another is under construction at the University of North Carolina in association with the epa at Chapel Hill. There are three chambers in Canada of similar design. 

The information on acute exposures of forest species to ozone is limited. " The results of these reports suggest that many eastern deciduous species are sensitive to exposures to ozone at 0.20-0.30 ppm for 2-4 h. Generally, the eastern conifers are somewhat more sensitive and western conifers somewhat less. These results are included in the summary data presented in this section. Treshow and Stewart " developed an extensive list (70 plants) from two plant communities, but it is impossible to determine percentage effects from their data. They found some injury to several species at 0.15 ppm for a 2-h exposure. This list of plants should interest investigators concerned with plant communities. 

Pearson (1985) supports many of these claims in his study of African American doctoral scientists. Most of his respondents believed that their career mobility had been limited by their racial status. This finding varied across cohorts. For example, 74% of those earning doctorates before 1955 believe their career were restricted by race. By the last cohort, doctorates earned between 1965 and 1974, 60% reported that their career mobility had been restricted. Further, at least half of the females respondents reported that race and gender played significant roles in limited their careers. Some 59% of respondents who earned doctorates at the most prestigious department also reported the negatives effects that race exerted on the careers. Most respondents attributed these limiting factors to discrimination (especially exclusion from the communications network). Many respondents report that open communication between African American and white scientists is impeded by the perception that many white scientists fail to accept African American scientists as intellectual peers. 

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