Common Data Processing System

The Surface Analysis Society of Japan provides access to the Common Data Processing System that facilitates sharing of spectral data and enables access to submitted spectra that can be downloaded [120]. The UK Surface Analysis Forum has a web site with links to many sources of data and software for applications in AES, XPS, and SIMS [121]. XPS spectra for polymers are available from Surface Spectra Ltd. [122], and for many materials, from XPS International [123]. ... 

To allow flexibility, the database manager must also perform point addition or deletion. However, the abihty to create a point type or to add or delete attributes of a point type is not normally required because, unlike other data processing systems, a process control system normally involves a fixed number of point types and related attributes. For example, analog and binary input and output types are required for process I/O points. Related attributes for these point types include tag names, values, and hardware addresses. Different system manufacturers may define different point types using different data structures. We will discuss other commonly used point types and attributes as they appear. 

This book describes the fundamental operating characteristics of the most common inorganic mass spectrometers. At the heart of this discussion is a description of the various ionization sources that generate a representative analyte population for mass analysis. The initial chapters introduce the mass spectrometric hardware that separates the ionized fractions of analytes, one mass from another. The detection schemes used to measure this ion population, and the data processing systems that permit this information to be of value to the chemical analyst, are also discussed. 

Using equation (10), the efficiency of any solute peak can be calculated for any column from measurements taken directly from the chromatogram (or, if a computer system is used, from the respective retention times stored on disk). The computer will need to have special software available to identify the peak width and calculate the column efficiency and this software will be in addition to that used for quantitative measurements. Most contemporary computer data acquisition and processing systems contain such software in addition to other chromatography programs. The measurement of column efficiency is a common method for monitoring the quality of the column during use. 

Many data collection systems place the primary emphasis on the technical causes of accidents. There is usually a very detailed description of the chemical process in which the accident occurred, together with an in-depth analysis of the technical failures that are seen as the major causes. The human or system failures that may have contributed to the accident are usually treated in a cursory manner. Technically oriented reporting systems are very common in the CPI, where engineers who may be unfamiliar with human factors princi-... 

The first step in applying FEA is the construction of a model that breaks a component into simple standardized shapes or (usual term) elements located in space by a common coordinate grid system. The coordinate points of the element corners, or nodes, are the locations in the model where output data are provided. In some cases, special elements can also be used that provide additional nodes along their length or sides. Nodal stiffness properties are identified, arranged into matrices, and loaded into a computer where they are processed with certain applied loads and boundary conditions to calculate displacements and strains imposed by the loads (Appendix A PLASTICS DESIGN TOOLBOX). 

Many data collection tasks can be automated with the more powerful electronic control and instrumentation systems that are common in processing operations. 

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