Common buckwheat

Fig. 14.2 Well established stand of common buckwheat as a cover crop has great weed suppressive effects. Buckwheat emits allelochemicals, thus controlling weeds... 

There are three species of buckwheat common buckwheat, F. escu/entum Tartary buckwheat, F. tataricum and winged buckwheat, F. emarginatum. 

Anthocyanins are Che most easily assayed and commonly studied derivatives of aromatic amino acids (Figure 1). Glyphosate drastically reduces accumulation of anthocyanin flavonoids in treated tissues (6, 19) (Figure 3). Levels of rutin and procyanidin, both flavonoids, are reduced in glyphosate-treated buckwheat hypocotyls (6). Glyphosate would presumably similarly affect levels of flavonoids and flavonoid derivatives that are known to be allelochemicals. 

Buckwheat is a member of the Polygomceoe family, not a true cereal. It is most commonly grown for human consumption, and therefore may only be available in limited quantities for poultry feeding. 

New trends in the analysis of food contaminants in general focus on the simultaneous detection of different analytes present in the same sample. A multiplex PCR assay has been developed for the simultaneous detection of wheat, buckwheat, and peanut (Hashimoto et al., 2007). A distinct amplicon size for each allergen can be observed in an agarose gel. Since some RT-PCR thermocyclers have the ability to detect several fluorescent probes, they can easily be adapted to detect several food allergens simultaneously. Moreover, other platforms commonly used for multiplexing can be used in combination with PCR. Microarray slides can be spotted with peptide nucleic acid (PNA) capture probes for PCR products obtained from the amplification of DNA... 

The SIF (mg 100 g FW) of cereals and cereal products were 51.5-108.4 for common wheat whole grain flour, 16.4—63.4 for buckwheat whole grain flour, 32.7-39.0 for barley whole grain flour, 13.2-26.3 for common wheat refined flour, 1.7-17.0 for buckwheat refined flour, and 4.0-13.4 for buckwheat thermally treated groats. 

Common/vernacular names Buckwheat pollen, maize pollen, pollen, pollen pini, pollen typhae, puhuang, rape pollen, typha pollen, pine pollen, songhuafen, and so on. 

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