Genetically modified organisms commercial

Commercial gene products, using genetically modified organisms (usually microbes) to produce chemicals, usually for medical or industrial applications. 

An area at the forefront of commercial applications of genetic engineering is the production of enzymes from genetically modified organisms. The milkclotting protease, chymosin, has been the first food ingredient produced via recombinant DNA techniques to be cleared for food use (21). The use of designed enzymes adjusted to specific process requirements will also provide new possibilities in the field of flavors. 

Possibly, the largest triumph of biotechnology is in the introduction of transgenic crops, an advance that has revolutionized crop production. The first commercial introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMO) occurred in 1996. By 2000, transgenic soybeans, corn, and cotton accounted for more than half the area planted to these crops (Bruening, 2000). 

In spite of the speed and precision with which genetically modified organisms can be produced, these are not commercially used in industrial fermentation processes. One notable exception is in the production of specific enzymes that are subsequently separated from the production organism. The reasons for this lack of use are many-fold and... 

Industrial production of organic acids Discovery of penicillin commercial production since 1941 Industrial production of amino acids Industrial production of enzymes Introduction of genetically modified microorganisms, production of insulin... 

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