Commensal microorganisms

Innate defence against the passage of potentially pathogenic microorganisms across epidermal and mucosal barriers involves a range of non-specific mechanisms. Commensal microorganisms upon... 

European Food Safety Authority. (2009). EFSA approaches to risk assessment in the area of antimicrobial resistance, with an emphasis on commensal microorganisms. EFSA Journal, 9, 196-225. 

In addition to improved, growth responses in young rats, birds, and pigs, it is claimed that supplementing the diet with an antibiotic benefits young calves. As the commensal microorganisms of the rumen play an important role in older animals, it is not unexpected to find evidence that an antibiotic such as aureomycin interferes with the pattern of the normal flora sufficiently to alter the course of microbial digestion in these older animals. ... 

Antimicrobial compoimds from vegetable oils have a great potential in obtaining personal hygiene products, like deodorants. For instance, the commensal microorganisms break down axial secretions in secondary compounds responsible for odors (Labows et al., 1999). Therefore, the use of antimicrobial lipids in antiperspirants composition may create an inhibitory effect on the action mechanism of these microorganisms, thus the amount of odor is significantly reduced. 

Lactic acid in the vagina gives it an acidic pH (5.0) which together with other products of metabohsm inhibits colonization by most bacteria, except some lactobacilli, which constitute the commensal flora. Other types of baeteria are unable to establish themselves in the vagina unless they have become extremely specialized. These species of microorganism tend to be associated with venereal infeetions. 

Inflammatory influences. Inflammation (p. 1211), which usually accompanies infection and can also arise from allergic responses, is affected by many substances.2293-6 These include chemotactic factors that attract neutrophils and monocytes2220 2294 and the adhesion molecules that assist in the movement of lymphocytes. 229e/f Some epithelial tissues, such as the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract, are maintained in a continuous very low level of inflammation. This reflects the balance between activation of the immune system and inhibition of the system by signals from microorganisms both pathogenic and commensal 229 h... 

Metabolites of Free-Living, Commensal, and Symbiotic Benthic Marine Microorganisms... 

---