Comer taps

FIG. 10-20 Coefficient of discharge for square-edged circular orifices with comer taps. [Tuve and Sprenkle, Instruments, 6, 201 (J.933),]... 

Can be used with comer taps, flange taps, or radius taps. 

Figure 5.20 shows the orifice (discharge) coefficient as a function of the orifice Reynolds number ( Rerf) and p = d D. There are a variety of standard orifice plate and pressure tap designs (e.g., Miller, 1983). The ASME specifications for the most common concentric square-edged orifices are shown in Figure 5.21. The various pressure tap locations are illustrated in Figure 5.22. Radius taps, for which the location is scaled to the pipe diameter, are the most reliable. Comer taps and flange taps are the most convenient, as they can be installed in the orifice flange and so do not require...

The differential pressure depends on the location of the pressure taps. Pressure taps are located in four general arrangements as illustrated in Figure 4.14 flange taps, D and D/2 taps, comer taps, and pipe taps. Flange taps are typically placed on the pipe flange and are located 1 inch upstream and 1 inch downstream from the face of the plate to centerline of the tap. The D and D/2 taps are located one pipe irmer diameter upstream and one-half downstream from the face to the flange. Corner taps are located at the face of the orifice plate. Pipe taps are located 2.5 pipe irmer diameters upstream... 

Ars < 100, Johansen [Proc. R. Soc. (London), A121, 231-245 (1930)] presents discharge-coefficient data for sharp-edged orifices with comer taps. For Ars < 1, Miller and Nemecek [ASME Paper 58-A-106 (1958)] present correlations giving coefficients for sharp-edged orifices and short-pipe orifices (L/D from 2 to 10). For short-pipe orifices (L/D from 1 to 4), Dickerson and Rice [J. Basic Eng., 91,... 

Corner taps. Comer taps are located such that the tap holes break through the wall flush with the faces of the meter plate. The discharge coefficient for corner taps is ... 

Orifice Orifice comer taps Orifice flange taps Orifice lD-1/2 D taps Restriction orifice... 

Considine [16] gives equations for the orifice coefficient, Cd, for several ways of measuring pressure drop across the orifice. For comer pressure taps, shown in Figure 8.2.1, the equation is... 

The boss in Fig. 8.19a will not supply the strength necessary for structural applications like threaded metal inserts and self-tapping screws. Structural applications require much stronger boss walls like those (f) in Fig. 8.196. As the circle in the lower left comer illustrates, the 25% maximum wall increase rule is exceeded by a considerable... 

It is therefore not surprising to me that so much emphasis is placed nowadays on the utilitarian aspects of science, and chemistry in particular. This seems absolutely necessary for the survival of the large-scale scientific endeavor as we know it, and for tapping the wonderful oportunities that we all believe to await us just aroimd the comer. 

Some simple precautions can be taken to avoid sample placement errors. If an accessory such as an attenuated total reflection (ATR) accessory is used, it should be mounted in the spectrometer and not moved throughout the study. This criterion implies that the internal reflection element must be cleaned in situ, and samples must be placed on the internal reflection element when it is mounted in the spectrometer. For accessories that must repeatedly be placed into and removed from the sample compartment (e.g., a transmission cell), a simple procedure can be devised to reduce potential errors. Sample holders, although fastened in place, do have tolerances to allow insertion and removal of the sample accessory. Because of this, when a cell or accessory is placed into the sample compartment, it should be tapped gently on one comer as a result, it will then settle into a reproducible position. It is suggested that the accessory be tapped with a cushioned object the eraser on the end of a pencil is an ideal tool. The same number of taps should always be applied, and three is generally adequate. 

Separated slime, it is washed off by a liquid and by means of an inclination of the cylindrical chamber 1, it is transported on a pipe of an overflow slime 11 in slime collector 12, the Comer of an inclination of the cylindrical chamber 1 is picked up by practical consideration within the limits of 100, sufficient for tap removal slime. The subsequent division of suspension occurs happens in a cyclone 9, whence slime also acts in slime collector 12 (Figure 20.8). 

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