Columns tartrate

Figure 9 A synthetic mixture of water-soluble carboxylic acids separated by anion-exchange chromatography. Column 0.3 cm x 300 cm Diaoion CA 08, 16-20 p (Mitsubishi Kasei Kogyo). Eluant 200 mM HC1. Detection reaction with Fe3-benzohy-droxamic acid-dicyclohexy carbodiimide-hydroxylamine perchlorate-triethyl amine with absorbance at 536 nm. Analytes (1) aspartate, (2) gluconate, (3) glucuronate, (4) pyroglutamate, (5) lactate, (6) acetate, (7) tartrate, (8) malate, (9) citrate, (10) succinate, (11) isocitrate, (12) w-butyrate, (13) a-ketoglutarate. (Reprinted with permission from Kasai, Y., Tanimura, T., and Tamura, Z., Anal. Chem., 49, 655, 1977. 1977 Analytical Chemistry).

The (R)-(+)-chiral 1,4-diol 17b was easily prepared from L-(+)-dimethyl tartrate. Dimethyl tartrate was converted to the corresponding phenylethylidene derivative by treatment with 1,1-dimethoxy-l-phenylethane and cat. p-toluenesulfonic acid in refluxing benzene, followed by conversion to the diol 17b with excess phenylmagnesium bromide. The diol was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (hexane ethyl acetate =5 1), and recrystalization from a mixture of hexane and 2-propanol. 

Ion-exchange chromatography can be used to separate mirror image ions.3 The mixture is applied to an ion-exchange column and eluted with one enantiomer of an ion such as tartrate. The two enantiomers of the mixture to be separated are eluted at different rates by the single enantiomer of tartrate. 

A mixture of enantiomers of cationic metal complexes was applied to a cation-exchange column and eluted by one enantiomer of tartrate anion. The tartrate has... 

Since Pasteur separated crystalline sodium ammonium tartrate manually in 1848, many researchers have worked on the subject of enantiomeric separation. In 1939 Henderson and Rule fully separated derivatives of camphor by column chromatography using lactose as a stationary phase material [1]. Gil-Av et al. [2] were able to separate amino acid derivatives on a polysiloxane-based stationary phase by gas chromatography (GC) in 1966. Since then many approaches for a successful distinction between enantiomers have been developed for capillary GC and liquid chromatography [3]. It is still a current topic for researchers searching for chiral separation with SciFinder [4] results in 812 hits and searching for chiral recognition leads to 285 hits for the year 2003 only. 

A convenient resolution method was recently developed (123) which uses the specific affinity of the ion exchange resin Amberlite IRA 400 for tartrate ions. A column of the resin in the (+) tartrate form may be used to resolve many racemic compounds, including [Co(en)3]3+, [Co(pn)3]3+, [Cr(en)3]3+, [Rh(en)3]3+, cis-[Co(en)2Cl2]+, [(en)2Co(OH)2]3-Co + etc. It might be expected that the more readily eluted enantiomers in a series of analogous complexes should have related configurations, provided that adsorption occurs at the same sites on the column and indeed, (—)[Co(en)3]3+, (—)[Co(pn)3]3+, (—)[Cr(en)s]3+, and (+)[Rh (en)3]3+ were all eluted first from their racemic mixtures. 

Cr(acac)3] and enriched samples of (- -)-[Ru(acac)3] have been isolated by treatment of aqueous solutions of the corresponding (-l-)-tartrate complexes with Hacac at high pH followed by recrystalUzation of the partially resolved mixture. Partial resolution of the tris(acetylacetonates) of Cr, Co, Ru and Rh, and also the cis and trans isomers of cobalt benzoylacetonate have been achieved by column chromatography on D-(- -)-lactose. ... 

Dextro tartaric acid is the ordinary tartaric acid as it is found widely distributed in nature, in grapes, mountain ash berries, pineapples, potatoes and other plants. It crystallizes without water of crystallization in transparent, mono-clinic columns which are easily soluble in water or in alcohol. 100 parts of water at 15° dissolve 132 parts of the acid. It melts at i68°-i70°. In water solution it is dextro rotatory. The chief source of tartaric acid is the juice of the grape, where it is present as the free acid and as the acid potassium salt. In this source it is mostly the dextro variety that is found. It is obtained from the vinasse, or residue which settles out from the juice after it has been expressed. When grape juice ferments, in the formation of wine, the solubility of the acid potassium salt is lessened due to the presence of alcohol and it gradually separates and settles to the bottom iii the form of what is known as lees. These lees are dried or recrystallized once and the product is then known as crude tartar or argol. The crude tartar contains, in addition to the acid potassium tartrate, free tartaric... 

This salt crystallizes in thick columns with four molecules of water. Its chief use is as a reducing agent. It reduces an ammoniacal silver solution and in this way is used in silvering glass. It is also used as a constituent of Fehling s solution, (p. 332), which is an alkaline copper solution reduced by certain sugars. It acts as a purgative in Seidlitz powders which consist of sodium-potassium tartrate, sodium acid carbonate and free tartaric acid. 

Figure 1.13 GC analysis of organic acid methyl esters in a) standard solution, b) Chardonnay wine, c) Asti sparkling wine. 1. methyl lactate, 2. dimethyl succinate, 3. dimethyl maleate (i.s.), 4. dimethyl malate, 5. dimethyl tartrate, 6. trimethyl citrate. Chromatographic conditions poly(ethylene) glycol fused silica capillary column (30m x 0,25mm 0.25 xm), injector and detector temperature 250°C, flame ionization detector. Oven program 2min at 50 °C, from 50 to 200 °C at rate 4°C/min, 200°C isotherm for lOmin (Di Stefano and Bruno, 1983)...

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