Cold stop

Ai Ye is warm and aromatic, and enters the Liver, Spleen and Kidney meridians. It is able to warm the interior, expel cold, stop bleeding and alleviate pain. Its function focuses on the blood level of the Lower-Jiao. It is effective in treating menorrhagia, uterine bleeding during pregnancy, and uterine bleeding due to hysteromyoma when there is cold in the Lower-Jiao and in the blood. This herb can also be used topically. 

This formula has the function of expelling wind, dampness and cold, stopping pain, tonifying the Qi and blood, and strengthening the liver and Kidney. It is used to treat chronic Bi syndrome due to wind and damp with a chronic condition of blood and Qi deficiency. 

FIG. 1. D-Glucose uptake by intestinal brush border membranes and the effect of osmolality. Brush border membranes (110 /ig protein) were incubated for various times at 2S°C with 200 fiM [ H]glucose, ISO mM NaSCN, 100 mM mannitol, 1 mM Hepes/Tris buffer, pH 7J, in 40 /il. The vesicular uptake was terminated by a 2S-fold dilution with ice-cold stop solution consisting of 100 mAf mannitol, ISO mM NaCl, 0.2 mM phlorizin, and SS Mg02 in 10 mM Hepes/Tris buffer, pH 7.S. The uptake was measured in the presence of 300 mM o-cellobiose (closed circles) or in its absence (open circles). 

Fill a 500 mL auto dispenser with cold stop buffer and place it on ice Set the dispenser to deliver 3 mL of stop buffer. 

Pipet 40 pL of synaptoneurosomes (containing 32-48 pg total protein see Note 4) into a 1.5-mL Eppendorf tube. Begin a 2-min preincubation in a 36°C water bath. Pipet and hold 1 mL of ice-cold stop buffer in a 1-mL pipeter set this aside At 1 min 30 s, pre-wash the GF/C filter with 3 mL of stop buffer under vacuum. At 1 min 45 s, pipet and hold 40 pL of chloride uptake medium. 

Terminate the reaction after exactly 5 s by adding 1 mL of ice-cold stop buffer (from the 1-mL pipeter set aside in step 2). Vortex the suspension briefly (sec Note 8). 

Loss of [ f PJGTP bound to Arfl. This assay is less labor intensive than the assay using [a PJGTP and, therefore, suitable for performing multiple time courses required for determining initial rates for saturation kinetic analyses (Che et al, 2005). This method will also work for fixed time point analysis. In this assay, 1-200 //M myrArfl or [L8K]Arfl is loaded with [7 P]GTP, with a total GTP concentration in 4-fold excess of Arfl, in buffer B. When using myrArfl, 500 fiM of total phospholipids in the form of an LUV is used. Arfl GTP is added to a reaction mixture containing GAP and 500 fiM of the appropriate phosphoUpids in GAP cocktail. The amount of GAP should be sufficient to hydrolyze about 50% of the GTP on Arfl in 2-5 min. Samples are taken from 0 to 10 min and diluted into ice-cold stop buffer. The samples are filtered on nitrocellulose as described... 

The standard assay contained 93 kBq [y"2P]ATP, 100 juiM Na2-ATP, 10 /xM GTP, 10 mM MgS04, 25 mM LiCl, lAA as indicated, or only its solvent DMSO (control assay), and 125 fig membrane proteins in a final volume of 500 fil buffer at pH 7.5. In experiments to look for a G-nucleotide effect on the PI turnover, GTP was replaced by GTPyS, and the hormone was omitted. The reaction was started by the addition of the membranes, incubated at room temperature, and terminated by the addition of 1 ml ice-cold stop solution containing 2-propanol/conc. HCl (100/1 v/v). The lipids were extracted from the acidified propanolic solutions with n-hexane as organic solvent [11]. After lipid extraction the inositol phosphates of the aqueous phases were separated by anion exchange on Dowex AG 1-X2 (200-400 mesh) resin [28, 29]. [ P]-label of the extracts was measured via the Cerenkov-radiation in a liquid scintillation counter. 

This arrangement refocuses the telescope focal plane onto the detector array to produce the image at the desired magnification. It also places an image of the telescope s primary mirror at the location of the cold pupil, where a cold stop masks out the warm areas around the primary mirror such as the mirror cell. The cold stop should also mask out the primary hole and perhaps the spiders that hold the secondary as they are also sources of stray infrared radiation. The transparent window is required to transmit the light into the dewar while maintaining the... 

This instrument is presently being built by an international European consortium of scientific institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (Heidelberg, Germany), the Astronomical Observatory of Torino (Italy) and the Max Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (Munidi, Germany). CONICA has two filter wheels with each 20 filter positions (which can be combined to form numerous filter combinations) and detectors of at least 256 pixels. Detectors, filters and other items can be changed within seconds. Masks, filters, cold stops, grisms, polarization analysers, camera selection and detector selection, all can be chosen independently. 

The phenomenon seems to depend on positioning and dimensions of the cold stop on the camera s pupil plane and on the telescope bafiHng. We are performing further analysis to translate this finding into general constraints for future optical design of similar instrumentation. 

The opto-mechanical design uses a doublet field lens as the dewar window to reimage the tdescope pupil onto an internal cold stop. The telescope focal plane is rdmaged internally at the first of five 16 position ronotely controlled wheels. A doublet collimator lois forms a 108 mm long collimated section in whidi are located the upper filter wheel, the utility whed located in the pupil plane, and the lower filter whed. A camera lens whed aRows interchange between the two focal plane scales. 

Cold coronagraph masks. Two sets of lenses are provided for eadi pixel scale. One set of each pair contains corpnagraph masks—one in the focal plane and one in the pupil plane (i.e. at the cold stop). These will reduce the effects of scattered and diffracted light around bright point sources. This will increase the sensitivity for imaging of close binary companions or extended structure. 

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