Cold-soak processing

Two NR samples (cured and uncured) were studied. In all studies, the samples were stretched to 500% elongation. The Fourier-transform Raman spectrum of NR is presented as a function of time of cold soaking at -25C and of strain with respect to laser polarisation. Under both sets of conditions, changes occur in the spectra that can be attributed to crystallisation. Difference spectra showing only those bands due to crystallisation (i.e. spectra of crystalline NR) are presented, which allows the crystallisation process to be discussed with respect to the conditions under which crystallites are formed. A combination of Fourier-transform Raman and Fourier-transform IR depolarisation spectra was used to deduce preliminary assignments for some of the vibrational bands of natural rubber. 40 refs. 

In most cases, the problem stemmed from fermentation of high-pH (>3.5) musts without prefermentation additions of SO2 (Edwards, 1996). Secondary processing variables also occasionally linked to the infection included extended cold soaking prior to inoculation and/or reliance on native yeast fermentations. 

Cold-soaking of musts prior to fermentation is a technique in red wine processing that encourages extraction of desirable grape flavor compounds and pigments from skins. Normally, crushed grape musts are held at cool temperatures (15°C/59°F to 20°C/68°F) for 12 to 24h but also up to 1 to... 

Cold soaking of seasoned wood in low-viscosity preservative oil for several hours or days and the steeping of green or seasoned wood in waterborne preservatives for several days are methods sometimes employed for posts, lumber, and timbers on a limited basis. The diffusion process employs water-borne preservatives that will diffuse out of the treating solution into the water in green or wet wood. 

Why is it that when you buy ice cream from a vendor in a park on a hot summer day, the ice cream wrapper is not soaked with water from the ice that is used to keep it cold Is the vendor using ice at all Dry ice is the term for solid carbon dioxide. Dry ice can change from the solid phase right to a gas phase, without any apparent liquid phase in between. This process is called sublimation. Some other substances that can sublime are mothballs (naphthalene) and solid iodine. Deposition can be thought of being the opposite of sublimation. In this process a gas will form a solid, again without any apparent liquid phase in between. 

Infusion- a process of treating a moderately comminuted drug in a muslin bag soaked in cold or hot water. 

In the acid process, the bones and skins are treated in a vessel containing a dilute solution of acid for a predetermined period of time. Then, the acid is washed out with cold water. In the alkali process, the demineralized bones (demineralization is mostly done with acid solutions to remove calcium and other salts from the bone to prepare the collagen-rich bone material known as ossein) are placed in liming pits and soaked in a lime suspension for longer than 60 days. For the hides or skins, a caustic soda solution is used for a shorter period of time. After this treatment, the raw material is washed thoroughly to remove any residual lime. The acid pretreatment is mostly used for skin, while the alkali pretreatment is mostly used for bones (Petersen and Yates, 1977). 

The use of aerosol disinfectant preparations when collecting specimens may contaminate the sample if an aerosol propellant is used. Contamination of blood samples with ethanol or 2-propanol may also occur if an alcohol-soaked swab is used to cleanse skin prior to venepuncture. Gross contamination with technical xylene (a mixture of o-, m-, and p-xylene together with ethylbenzene) has been found in blood collected into Sarstedt Monovette Serum Gel blood collection tubes contamination with toluene (up to 22 mg 1 ), 1-butanol, ethylbenzene, and xylene has been found in batches of these same tubes. Contamination with 1-butanol or 2-methyl-2-prop-anol occurs commonly in blood collected into tubes coated with EDTA. Care should be taken when handling frozen tissue prior to analysis as any compounds present in ambient air may condense on the cold surface and give rise to false positives. Processing blank frozen tissue can control for this possibility. 

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