Coke-manufacturing process

Shimomura then focused his attention to a career in industry and selected the development of the coke-manufacturing process with its recovery of gas, tar, and ammonia by-products as his new area of research. To investigate this process he was sent to the United States and Europe in 1896-1897 where he selected Semet-Solvay coke ovens to be the most adequate. 

The dominant commercial form of elemental phosphoms is the a-white aHotrope. a-White phosphoms is often designated simply as because the soHd consists of tetrahedral P molecules. In its pure form, it is a white soHd that forms a clear Hquid when melted. However, the commercial product is generally somewhat yellow, both as a soHd and as a Hquid, owing to the presence of small amounts of a ted phosphoms aHotrope. Commercial white phosphoms may also be slightly gray in color because of incomplete separation of coke dusts and other impurities generated in the manufacturing process. 

CyAM [Cyanide ammonia] A process for reducing the cyanide concentration in the ammonia liquor from coke manufacture, so that the liquor may be fed to an activated sludge effluent treatment plant. Developed by the United States Steel Corporation and used by that company in two of its coking plants. 

Coke Manufacture By-products. In United States practice, coking of coal is done almost exclusively by the high-temperature (900-1200c C) process, For many years, the major source of the pyridines was the chemical-recovery coke oven, The volatiles produced in the coke oven are only partially condensed. The noncondensed gases are passed through a scrubber (the ammonia saturator) containing sulfuric acid. After removal of crystals (ammonium sulfate), a solution of ammonium sulfate and pyridinium sulfates is obtained and treated with ammonia to liberate and contained pyridine bases (— 70% is pyndine itself), See also Coal Tar and Derivatives. The balance of the pyndine bases is extracted from the crude coal tar. i.e., the condensed, main portion of the volatilization products from coking. The crude tar contains approximately 0,1 -0.2% pyridine bases, Further separation of the pyridines involves a rather complex series of extractions, distillations, and crystallizations. 

Properties of the petroleum cokes used in the present test are shown in Table III. The symbol MPC represents petroleum coke manufactured with the use of Minas heavy oil by the delayed coking process, and DPC and FPC are, respectively, petroleum cokes provided by a delayed coker and a fluid coker commercially available in Japan. 

Oxygen has been used for enriching the blast supplied to blast furnaces m pig-iron production, with consequent economy in the consumption of coke. This process yields particularly favourable results in the manufacture of ferro-silieon.3... 

Figure 409. Block diagram of the different processes for formed coke manufacturing ...

The industrial manufacturing processes for iron and steel can be summarized as follows. Iron ore is mixed with limestone (CaCOs) and coke in a blast furnace in which temperatures vary from 750 to 2250 K. Carbon is converted to CO in the highest temperature zone, but both C and CO may reduce the iron ore ... 

A new version of MCFC technology - the direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) - is under development at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the USA. Instead of using gaseous fuel, a slurry of finely divided carbon particles dispersed in molten alkali metal carbonates is fed to the cell. The carbon is made by the pyrolysis of almost any waste hydrocarbon e.g., petroleum coke), a process that is already carried out industrially on a large scale to produce carbon black for use in the manufacture of tyres, inks, plastic fillers, etc. The pyrolysis reaction yields hydrogen that can itself be utilized in another fuel cell ... 

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