Coherent flame model

S. Candel, J. P. Martin, Coherent Flame Modeling of Chemical Reactions in Turbulent Mixing Layer, in Complex Chemical Reaction Systems, J. Wamatz, W. Joger (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987. 

B. Dillies, K. Marx, J. Dec, and C. Espey. Diesel engine combustion modeling using the coherent flame model in Kiva II. SAE Paper 930074, 1993. 

F.E. Marble, J.E. Broadwell, The Coherent flame model for turbulent... 

Marble, F.E. Broadwell, J.E. (1977) "The Coherent Flame Model for Turbulent Chemical Reactions." Proiect Squid. Technical Report TRW-9-PU... 

Laser-based spectroscopic probes promise a wealth of detailed data--concentrations and temperatures of specific individual molecules under high spatial resolution--necessary to understand the chemistry of combustion. Of the probe techniques, the methods of spontaneous and coherent Raman scattering for major species, and laser-induced fluorescence for minor species, form attractive complements. Computational developments now permit realistic and detailed simulation models of combustion systems advances in combustion will result from a combination of these laser probes and computer models. Finally, the close coupling between current research in other areas of physical chemistry and the development of laser diagnostics is illustrated by recent LIF experiments on OH in flames. 

This implies that the spray tends to approach a saturation state unless additional heat and oxygen are supplied from the outside of the spray stream. It also implies that the behavior of the outer diffusion flame dominates the subsequent evolution of spray combustion from the spray boundary side. In real spray combustion, this boundary-layer type of change occurs dynamically because the boundary of the spray stream is located in the coherent vertical structure of the shear layer. In addition, turbulent effects are inevitable. However, such fluid dynamic effects have not yet been well characterized. Therefore, we focus on the behavior of the outer diffusion flame based on a quasi-steady continuum spray model. Chiu s theory is developed on this basis to classify the combustion modes excited by the penetration of the outer diffusion flame into the spray region. 

Work in our own laboratories has shown, however, that in the presence of conventional flame retardants, nanoclays can promote additive and synergistic effects in PA6, PA6,6 Aims that have been used as models for respective fibers. This work has provided evidence that significant reductions in flame retardant additive concentrations may be achievable, as has been noted for other polymers in Section 11.3.1. Normally, minimal flame retardant additive contents of about 15 to 20% w/w are required, which are too high for inclusion in conventional synthetic fibers. This is because for fusible fiber-forming polymers snch as PA6, PA6,6, PET, and polypropylene, flame retardant property trends versns concentration are not linear but follow an S-shaped curve. " This phenomenon is believed to be a consequence of the need to generate a threshold char level having an extended coherence throughout the polymer. It follows that this will... 

---