Coefficient of Excitation

Fr) (Coefficient of Excitation Transmission of Detonation at a Distance or Ability to Transmit the Detonation at a Distance). This property known also as Sympathetic Detonation or as Detonation by Influence is detd in the US by the so - called gap test... 

The coefficients of the 5-fiinction in the sum are called Franck-Condon factors, and reflect the overlap of the initial state with the excited-state i at energy (see figure Al.6.13). Fonnally, equation (A1.6,88i... 

According to Kramers model, for flat barrier tops associated with predominantly small barriers, the transition from the low- to the high-damping regime is expected to occur in low-density fluids. This expectation is home out by an extensively studied model reaction, the photoisomerization of tran.s-stilbene and similar compounds [70, 71] involving a small energy barrier in the first excited singlet state whose decay after photoexcitation is directly related to the rate coefficient of tran.s-c/.s-photoisomerization and can be conveniently measured by ultrafast laser spectroscopic teclmiques. 

For /2(Ar)i7, an extensive CI-CSP simulation was carried out, and the results were compared with those of the simple CSP approximation. Both calculations are for the ultrafast dynamics following excitation of the I2 into the B state. We found that the CI-CSP calculation, including doubly excited configurations , is close to converged for times up to t 500 fs, when 1500 configurations are included. Fig. 2 shows co(t)p, the coefficient of the CSP term and the doubly excited terms in the full CI-CSP wavefunction,... 

Reverse saturable absorption is an increase in the absorption coefficient of a material that is proportional to pump intensity. This phenomenon typically involves the population of a strongly absorbing excited state and is the basis of optical limiters or sensor protection elements. A variety of electronic and molecular reorientation processes can give rise to reverse saturable absorption many materials exhibit this phenomenon, including fuUerenes, phthalocyanine compounds (qv), and organometaUic complexes. 

For large interchain separations (8 A < R < 30 A), the LCAO coefficients of a given molecular orbital are localized on a single chain, as intuitively expected. The lowest excited state of these dimers results from a destructive interaction of the two intrachain transition dipole moments, whereas a constructive interaction prevails for the second excited stale. This result is fully consistent with the molcc-... 

The significantly faster PuF6(g) fluorescence decay rate found using 532 nm excitation is unlikely to be due to a thermally induced effect (e.g. pyrolysis). The optical absorption coefficients of PuF6(g) at 532 nm is at most twice as large as at 1064 nm (15) Assuming the 1064 nm absorption... 

The corrected excitation and emission spectra for quinine sulfate from previous work (17) and from a round-robin exercise (11) are given In Figure 1. The coefficients of variation are also given at each point to Indicate the amount of agreement In measured values from the ten laboratories participating In the round-robin exercise. 

Figure 1. Average corrected emission spectrum (- -) and excitation spectrum (- -) for quinine sulfate In 0.1 mol/L HC10 obtained during round-robin test with ten laboratories coefficient of variation at each wavelength (-t).

Here Q(t) denotes the heat input per unit volume accumulated up to time t, Cp is the specific heat per unit mass at constant pressure, Cv the specific heat per unit mass at constant volume, c is the sound velocity, oCp the coefficient of isobaric thermal expansion, and pg the equilibrium density. (4) The heat input Q(t) is the laser energy released by the absorbing molecule per unit volume. If the excitation is in the visible spectral range, the evolution of Q(t) follows the rhythm of the different chemically driven relaxation processes through which energy is... 

The effect of irradiation on the extractability of sulfoxides towards plutonium, uranium and some fission products were studied by Subramanian and coworkers . They studied mainly the effect of irradiation on dihexyl sulfoxide (DHSO) and found that irradiation did not change the distribution coefficient for Ru, Eu and Ce but increases the distribution coefficient for Zr and Pu. When comparing DHSO and tributyl phosphate (TBP), the usual solvent for the recovery and purification of plutonium and uranium from spent nuclear fuels, the effect of irradiation to deteriorate the extraction capability is much larger in TBP. Lan and coworkers studied diphenyl sulfoxides as protectors for the gamma radiolysis of TBP. It was found that diphenyl sulfoxide can accept energy from two different kinds of excited TBP and thus inhibits the decomposition of the latter. 

Vibrational excitation by electron impact of the background neutrals is an important process, because it is a major cause of energy loss for the electrons [reactions SVl (SiH4 stretching mode), SV2 (SIHt bending mode), and HV in Table II]. Moreover, the density of the vibrationally excited molecules has been reported to be important [211]. However, information about reaction coefficients of vibrationally excited molecules is scarce [192]. Here, only the vibrational excitation of SiHa and Ht is included [212, 213]. 

The variation theorem may be extended in some cases to estimate the energies of excited states. Under special circumstances it may be possible to select a trial function 0 for which the first few coefficients in the expansion (9.3) vanish ao = a = = = 0, in which case we have... 

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