Coastline change

FIGURE 14.1 Coastline change of the Southern Baltic Sea in m/100 year (after STAUN Rostock, 1995). 

For the reconstiTiction of coastline change in the Baltic relative sea-level curves for the last 8000 year can be used (Rosentau et al., 2007). They are derived from data of ancient nearshore sediments. To illustrate the general pattern of sea-level change in the Baltic area, eight typical curves are shown in Fig. 14.4. Each curve mirrors the effects of both eustatic sea-level... 

Harff, J., Lemke, W., Lampe, R., Liith, E, Liibke, H., Meyer, M., Tauber, E, Schmolcke, U., 2007. The Baltic Sea Coast—A model of interrelations between geosphere, chmate and anthroposphere. In Harff, J., Hay, W. W., Tetzlaff, D. M., (Eds.), Coastline Change—Interrelation of Climate and Geological Processes. The Geological Society of America, Spec. Paper No. 426, pp. 133-142. 

Meyer, M., Harff, J., 2005. Modelling of Palaeo Coastline Changes of the Baltic Sea. Journal of Coastal Research. 21, 598 609. 

Bird, E.C.F. 1985. Coastline Changes A Global Review. Chichester, U.K. Wiley-Interscience. 

Harff, J., Hay, W. W., Tetzlaff, D. M. (2007). Coastline changes Interaction of climate and geological processes. Washington, DC Geological Society of America. 

Figure 8.10 Carbon isotope ratios in bone collagen plotted against radiocarbon ages for 183 British Mesolithic and Neolithic humans from coastal (within 10 km of modern coastline squares) and inland sites (crosses). The sharp change in carbon isotope ratio at around 5200 radiocarbon years BP is interpreted as a shift from a marine diet to one dominated by terrestrial protein. This coincides with the onset of the Neolithic period in Britain. (Reproduced from Richards et al. 2003, with permission of Nature Publishing Group and the first author.)...

The SSMAE allows for estimation of the flow of pollutants between the different water areas of the Arctic Basin. For example, the transport of heavy metals and oil hydrocarbons from the Barents Sea to the Kara Sea is 631 kg yr 1 and 473kgyr 1, respectively. The total flow of pollutants from the Russian coastline to Alaska varies in Table 6.10 between 0.3% and 0.9% of the initial flow. As is evident from curves 3 and 4 of Figure 6.8, the flow of the Ob and Yenisey Rivers has practically no influence on the pollution level of Arctic waters near Alaska. This effect does not change over time. 

Yanko-Hombach V, Gilbert AS, Panin N, Dolukhanov PM (eds) (2007) The Black Sea Flood Question Changes in Coastline, Climate and Human Settlement Springer, Dordrecht... 

Rachev N, Stanev EV (1997) Eddy dynamics controlled by basin scale, coastline and topography. In Ozsoy E, Mikaelyan A (eds) Sensitivity to change Black Sea, Baltic Sea and Northern Sea. Kluwer, Dordrecht, p 341... 

Metals are good conductors of electricity and if the environment with which they are in contact is also conductive, then corrosion will occur via an electrochemical process. Notice that, in every case, the corrosion of the metal occurs due to interaction with its environment. Therefore, for metallic corrosion to occur, the metal or alloy must be unstable in that particular environment. Thus, changing the environment of a metal can greatly affect its rate of corrosion in either direction. For example, wrought iron gates will last indefinitely in a clean urban environment however, those same gates placed near the coastline would rapidly corrode due to the effects of salt spray from the ocean. 

All landforms, whether they are coasts or mountains, are formed and changed by geological processes. Coastlines can be divided into two large groups, based on whether their traits were primarily defined by land processes or by sea processes. Those sculpted by land processes are called primary coasts, and the ones that have been shaped by the ocean are called secondary coasts. 

Water, waves, and currents are some of the sea forces that mold secondary coasts. Water is a great solvent that dissolves minerals in rock and soil. In addition, ocean water contains particles such as sand, small stones, and gravel that act like sandblasters, eroding structures and changing the coastline. 

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