Coastal habitats

Pigozzi, G. (1990). Latrine use and the function of territoriality in the European badger, Meles meles, in a Mediterranean coastal habitat. Animal Behaviour 39,1000-1002. 

Bongiorni, L. Dini, F. (2002). Distribution and abundance of thraustochytrids in different Mediterranean coastal habitats. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 30, 49-56. 

Salinity, the level of dissolved minerals in water, has a tremendous impact on the kinds of organisms that can live in a coastal habitat because it affects how materials move into and out of cells. Most coastal organisms are exposed to varying salinity due to input or removal of water. Levels of dissolved gases in the intertidal water can also vary. Organisms that require oxygen can be stressed if levels of the gas drop radically. The temperature of shallow coastal water can fluctuate... 

O All members of this large group share one common characteristic They do not have a backbone. In the coastal habitats of the intertidal zones, invertebrates such as sponges, corals, anemones, jellyfish, worms, clams, mussels, snails, and limpets make up the majority of the animals. Some are very primitive creatures whose bodies lack the simplest forms of organization. Others are more advanced, with organs and body systems that are highly sophisticated. 

Chemical treatment of a slick usually involves spraying dispersants from ships or aircraft to accelerate the emulsification of the oil. Solvents and agents to reduce surface tension are also utilized to remove oil slicks from the surface of pools and enclosed inshore areas. However, dispersants are not effective on heavy or weathered oils, and some of them are toxic to marine life. Despite these disadvantages, chemical treatment of oil slicks has been instrumental in preserving many threatened coastal habitats. 

During the past twenty five years acid rain, formally referred to as acid deposition, has been the focus of much political debate and scholarly research. Acid deposition occurs when important precursor pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide (SOj) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), chemically mix with water vapor and oxidants in the atmosphere and fall back to earth in wet or dry form. Wet deposition comes in the form of dew, fog, snow or rain, while dry deposition occurs as either gasses or dry particulates. Research has shown that acid deposition adversely affects freshwater lakes and streams, coastal habitats, agricultural production, forests, soils, human health and building materials. Fossil-fuel power plants, refineries, and paper and pulp mills are the major sources of SOj emissions, while automobiles and other vehicles are the primary emitters of NO. ... 

Environmental impact Winter construction to avoid coastal habitats Sustainability Consideration of operations, maintenance and decommissioning phases... 

Scientific understanding of environmental conditions in sensitive environments in deep Gulf waters, along the region s coastal habitats, and in areas proposed for more drilling, such as the Arctic, is inadequate. The same is true of the human and natural impacts of oil spills. 

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