Coagulase - positive

EMD Chemicals Inc, Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus Importance, occurrence and identification, 2005, http //www.emdchemi-cals.com. Last accessed June 1, 2006. 

Coagulase-positive, coagulase-negative and penicillinase-producing. Some strains are resistant. 

Dry casein (acid) that fails to meet the requirements of U.S. standard grade, or contains Salmonella or coagulase-positive staphylococci, is considered unsuitable for human food and is not assigned a U.S. grade. 

Reiter, B., Fewins, B. G., Fryer, T. F. and Sharpe, M. E. 1964. Factors affecting the multiplication and survived of coagulase positive staphylococci in Cheddar cheese. J. Dairy Res. 31, 261-272. 

Work Item B horizontal method for the detection of coagulase positive Staphylococci (Staphylococci aureus and other species). 

Viridans streptococci Other streptococci Staphylococci Coagulase positive Coagulase negative Enterococci... 

Hexachlorophene has been extensively used as an ingredient of innumerable kinds of consumer goods and medical formulations. Since 1961, when it was reported that daily bathing of newborn infants with a 3% hexachlorophene suspension prevented colonization of the skin by coagulase-positive staphylococci, hexachlorophene has been widely used in hospital nurseries. 

Rammel, C.G. 1962. Inhibition by citrate of growth of coagulase-positive staphylococci. Journal of Bacteriology 84 1123-1124. 

Isolate coagulase-positive staph from food source... 

The most relevant of the coagulase-positive species is Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (further S. aureus), pathogenic to both humans and animals. It is an extraordinary versatile pathogen and the major causative agent of numerous hospital-and community acqnired infections. The spread, survival and prevalence of antibiotic resistant clones of S. aureus are immensely important problems for human health. Major antibiotic resistance problems are typically associated with methicillin (oxacillin) resistant S. aureus strains (MRSA) and, more recently, vancomycin-intermediate (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) strains. Up to 30% of the hnman population carries S. aureus without any symptoms. In most cases, however, the colonizing strain serves as an endogenous reservoir for clinical infections (von Eiff et al. 2004). The disease spectrum includes abscesses, bacteremia, central nervons... 

Besides S. aureus, coagulase-positive staphylococcal species also includes Staphylococcus delphini. Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus lutrae. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schle-iferi spp. coagulans. These species appear in different animal species where they may lead to skin, mucose and organ diseases. In veterinary microbiology, coagulase-positive S. intermedius, S. hyicus and S. schleiferi spp. coagulans have received attention. Contact with them may lead to transfer to human hosts and a possible infection process. 

The importance of the serial route in transmission of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci can be indirectly illustrated by findings in the environment, patients and the nursing personnel of a surgical clinic in Bratislava (Czechoslovakia) [8j. The results were obtained during corroborative studies on the distribution of resistant staphylococci from different environments in Slovakia [11]. The strains of coagulase-positive strains of Staphylococcus aureus from the clinic were tested for their sensitivity to six common antibiotics of that time. With staphylococci isolated from the environment, patients and the personnel, the percentages of resistance to benzylpeni-cillin, streptomycin, chlorotetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and vancomycin are shown in Fig. 6.1. The percentages of resistance to the individual antibiotics were positively correlated with the consumption of their preparations at the clinic. 

The production of coagulase is diagnostically important for S. aureus. Hence, S. aureus strains are coagulase-positive, and all the other strains are referred to as coagulase-negative [6]. 

Table 2. Characterization of coagulase-positive staphylococcal species...

Varaldo, P. E., Kilper-Balz, R., Biavasco, R, Satta, G., and H. Schleifer, K. H. 1988. Staphylococcus delphini sp. nov., a coagulase-positive species isolated from dolphins. Int. J. System. Bacteriol. 38 436-439. 

---