Cmax

Fig. 1. Cumulative distribution function of half squared distances of amino acid pairs at residue distance d (d = 1,..., 20), truncated at Cmax = 72 (12Acutoff)...

The conjugation of three unsaturated centres results in a further increase in Xmax. 3 d Cmax.- Some results are given in Table X. 

Molar absorptivity when measured at X x is cited as e ax It is normally expressed without units Both X x and Cmax are affected by the solvent which is therefore included when reporting UV VIS spectroscopic data Thus you might find a literature reference expressed m the form... 

Specifications and Analytical Methods. Sulfur hexafluoride is made to rigid specifications. Per ASTM D2472-81 (reapproved 1985) (50), the only permissible impurities are traces of air, carbon tetrafluoride (0.05 wt % max), and water (9 ppm by wt max dew point —45° Cmax). 

Optimum compositions may be planned with the help of plots of /rmax versus solvent composition, where /cmax increases with increasing amounts of the low-viscosity component, reaching its maximum at /fmax, and then decreases again in accordance with increasing association of the electrolyte [221], For this approach, many examples exist[15]. 

Substituting slow infusions for 5-10 min boluses Diminished anthracycline Cmax and cardiac uptake At the investigator s discretion (doubtful usefulness in pediatric settings)... 

The highest possible composition factor Cmax for a given molecule is... 

Take on an empty stomach (high-fat/ calorie meals T Cmax of caps 39% and Cmax of tabs 79%... 

AUC, area under the time-concentration curve ARV, antiretroviral AV, atrioventricular Cmax, maximum concentration CrCI, creatinine clearance ESRD, end-stage renal disease Cl, gastrointestinal HD, hemodialysis LFT, liver function test NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor UCT, uridine diphosphate-glucuronsyltransferase. 

Gaussian-shaped depth profiles of P with three parameters of maximum concentration (Cmax), projected range (Rp) and range straggling (ARp). The energy loss (dE/dx) and energy straggling ( 2 square root of the variance) of the a beam in the Si layer were taken into account ... 

Optimum values of Cmax, Rp and ARp were obtained by curve fitting. The accuracy of Rp is approximately 3 nm and is mainly determined by the accuracy of EbeSirn... 

Clomipramine (25, 50 mg) Caucasian (11) Indian/Pakistani (6) Cmax higher Indian/Pakistani Allen et al, 1977... 

Desipramine (100 mg) Caucasian (16) Chinese (14) Cmax DMI, OH-DMI higher in Chinese Rudorfer etal., 1984... 

Fig. 14 (A, B) Maximum acetaminophen plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to achieve that concentration (TmllK) as a function of gastric emptying half-time. (From Ref. 82.) (C) Percent of an acetaminophen dose emptied from the stomach (O) and acetaminophen plasma concentrations ( ) as a function of time in one subject. (D) The same plot and for the same subject as in (C) after a 10 mg intramuscular dose of heroin. (C and D from Ref. 83.)...

Figure 14 shows that the plasma concentrations do not continue to build forever but reach a plateau where the same maximum (Cmax) and minimum (Cm n) con-... 

Example. A drug has a biologic half-life of 4 hours. Following an IV injection of 100 mg, is found to be 10 pg/mL. Calculate Cmax and Cm n if the 100-mg IV dose is repeated every 6 hour until a plasma concentration plateau is reached. 

Thus, when a dose is administered every half-life, Cmax will be twice and Cm n will be half Cmax or equal... 

For IV administration, the easiest way to determine the loading dose is in terms of Cp and Cmax. For example, if the desired Cmax is 20 pg/mL and a dose of 100 mg gives a Cp of 10 pg/mL, a loading dose of 200 mg should give a Cp of 20 pg/mL, which is the desired Cmax. If this loading dose is followed by maintenance doses of 100 mg every half-life, the plasma concentrations can be maintained at the... 

Since 25 pg/mL is well above the MEC but below the MTC, a loading dose of 7.5mg/kg might be given initially. After one half-life (3h), the plasma concentration should be 12.5 pg/mL. Since this is just above the MEC and corresponds to half the initial 25 pg/mL, a maintenance dose of 3.75mg/kg could be administered. With repeated 3.75mg/kg maintenance doses every 3 hours, Cmax should be 25 pg/mL and Cmin should be 12.5 pg/mL, which would allow some margin for error on either side. 

Example.The kanamycin problem could be solved more aggressively as follows let Cmax = 35 pg/mL and Cmin = 10 pg/mL. From Eqs. (53) and (54), the value of R on the plateau may be calculated as follows ... 

Equation (57) can be used to calculate the Cmax and Cmin values on the plasma concentration plateau by substituting values for t that correspond to the peaks and valleys in the Cp versus t curve. Thus, if t = tmax (the time of the peak), Eq. (57) gives Cmax ... 

Thus, the regimen would be a loading dose of 10.5 mg/ kg, followed by maintenance doses of 7.5 mg/kg every 5.41 hours. This regimen is not only impractical but, were it carried out, it would produce Cmax and Cmm concentrations too close to the limiting values to allow for any errors. A better approach would be to define clinicially relevant Cmax and Cm n values and use the approach in the previous section to develope a useful dosing regimen. 

Although the equations become considerably more complex than for the IV case, Cmax and Cm n can be calculated when the drug is administered by an extra-vascular route. The required equations may be developed as follows The equation describing the plasma concentration versus time curve following one extra-vascular administration was discussed previously. Equation (35) may be written as follows ... 

The results of the calculation are shown in Fig. 16. Note that Cmax and Cm n are identical to the values calculated in the aforementioned example. 

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