Closed-loop recycling, preparative

J. Dingenen and J. N. Kinkel, Preparative cliromatograpliic resolution of racemates on chiral stationary phases on laboratoiy and production scales by closed-loop recycling cliromatography , J. Chromatogr. 666 627-650 (1994). 

C. M. Grill, Closed-loop recycling with periodic intra-profile injection a new binary preparative cliromatograpliic technique , J. Chromatogr. 796 101 -113 (1998). 

Seidel-Morgenstern, A., Heuer, C., Hugo, P. Experimental Investigation and Modelling of Closed-Loop Recycling in Preparative Chromatography, Chem. Eng. Sci., 1995, 50(7), 1115-1127. 

Table 6. Selected examples of preparative enantioseparation of chiral drugs, drug candidates and drug intermediates using closed-loop recycling chromatography (CLRC)...

Utility functions such as the supply of steam and cooling water generally are set up to service several processes. Boiler feed water is prepared and steam is generated in a single boiler house. Noncontact steam used for surface heating is circulated through a closed loop, whereby various quantities are made available for the specific requirements of the different processes. The condensate is nearly always recycled to the boiler house, where a certain portion is discharged as blowdown. 

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