Clone propagation

The investigators evaluated the safety of their nonviral somatic-cell gene therapy system, which they call transkaryotic implantation, in six patients with severe hemophilia. The procedure involved isolation of dermal fibroblasts from the patients upper arms. The fibroblasts were then transfected with a factor VIII genebearing plasmid. Cells that expressed factor VIII were cloned, propagated, and implanted into the patients abdomens. This technique can be considered as a less invasive form of ex vivo gene therapy. 

Clone propagation An extracted gene sequence can be inserted into a plasmid of bacteria. After clone propagation, the inserted gene sequences will be cut by restriction enzymes and isolated in useful yields via gel-electrophoresis. 

The physiological effects of kava produced upon consumption is a major factor in its traditional selection and use. Cultivars which produce less than desirable effects may not be replanted, while the stem cuttings from those that are favored because they are outstanding in some way are used for clone propagation and distribution. According to... 

Fig. 5. Generation of mutants using single-stranded DNA. After cloning the target gene into M13, the phage is propagated in the E. coll dut, ung strain of E.

At present, cell culture work is done mostly by hand by horticulturists in large greenhouses (Plate 3). Chemical engineers could greatly increase the usefulness of this method of plant propagation by developing efficient automated processes for producing plants from cloned cells. 

The tea plant is easily and efficiently propagated by making use of leaf cuttings. This provides the opportunity to produce several hundred genetically identical plants at one time from a single elected plant, followed by the rapid multiplication of the clone in subsequent years. 

Technically, cDNAs are cloned into plasmids carrying an antibiotic selection marker for propagation in bacteria, a nutritional selection marker for selection of transfected yeast as well as the respective origins of replication. After amplification in bacteria, the plasmids are transfected into the corresponding auxothrophic yeast strain using similar methods as for bacteria and stably... 

All plant material used in this study was propagated from the clone originally brought into the USA by R. Gordon Wasson in 1962. 

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