CLIP score

Another alternative HCC staging system is the so-called CLIP score (35, 36). This also combines morphological criteria of the HCC with liver functions (Child-Pugh) and, additionally, with portal vein thrombosis as well as AFP. (s. tab. 37.8) BCLC classification can be recom-... 

CLIP The Cancer of the Liver Italian Program investigators. Prospective validation of the CLIP score a new prognosis system for patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2000 31 840-845... 

CLIP, the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) Investigators (2000) Prospective validation of the CLIP score a new prognostic system for patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 31 840-845 Colombo M, de Franchis R, Del Ninno E, et al (1991) Hepatocellular carcinoma in Italian patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 325 675-680... 

A typical dermal irritation assay is conducted as follows. Six male albino rabbits are be clipped free of hair on the back. One area of skin is left intact, whereas another is abraded in a tic-tac-toe pattern with the point of a hypodermic needle so as to incise the superficial epidermis layer without causing bleeding. The test material, 0.5 ml of liquid or 0.5 g of solid or semisolid is applied to each site under a 1 x 1 in. gauze pad. The entire trunk of the animal is wrapped with an impervious material and held in place with tape for 24 h. The patches are then removed and excessive material wiped off. The skin reactions are scored at 24 and 72 h after the initial application according to a scheme such as that listed in Table 2. 

MMT. No studies were located regarding dermal effects in humans following dermal exposure to MMT. Hinderer (1979) observed that rabbits exposed dermally to commercial neat MMT on shaved skin for 24 hours developed edema and erythema. Further dermal irritation tests performed showed that MMT is a moderate skin irritant. Campbell et al. (1975) exposed male albino rats dermally to MMT for 24 hours on closely clipped dorsolateral aspects of the trunk that were either abraded or allowed to remain intact skin reactions were evaluated and scored at 24 hours and again 48 hours later. By comparing skin reactions following exposure to a test rating that categorized irritancy levels, MMT was determined to be safe for intact or abraded skin contact. However, the authors note that MMT in concentrated form is absorbed... 

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