Clinical edema phase

Opko Health, Inc. Diabetic macular edema Phase II clinical trial completed in March 2007 Intravitreal Naked siRNA... 

At present, BP 2.94 (36) is under clinical development in Phase II trials for the treatment of asthma, pneumoallergic diseases, and others. Preclinical studies in rodents clearly displayed anti-inflammatory as well as antinociceptive activity of BP 2.94 (36) given orally at low doses. These effects are mediated by inhibitory H3 receptors located on sensory C-fibres in several different tissues. In particular, capsaicin-induced plasma protein extravasation was dose-dependently inhibited in airways, digestive tract, skin, conjunctiva, urinaiy bladder, nasal mucosa, and dura mater of the rat. In the p-phenylbenzoquinone-induced writhing test in mice, BP 2.94 (36) had a pronounced antinociceptive activity similar to that of acetylsalicylic acid. This effect was significantly abolished by the H3 receptor antagonist thioperamide but not by naloxone. Furthermore, BP 2.94 (36) reduced zymosan-induced edema. This antiinflammatory effect was also abolished by thioperamide [6]. 

Chagas disease in humans can be divided in two main phases the acute phase and the chronic phase. The acute phase may have no symptoms or have very mild symptoms. When present, the symptoms can include diarrhea, vomiting, headache, fever, edema, rashes, swollen lymph glands, enlarged liver or spleen, and myocarditis and/or meningoencephalitis. This phase is characterized by the presence of the protozoa in the patient s blood and can be severe and /or fatal in infants, children, and in people with weakened immune systems. In this phase, morbidity and clinical symptoms are directly associated with the parasitemia level. Chagas disease manifestations in the acute form are very common when T. cruzi is acquired by via the oral route. 

Figure 6 These CT (computerized tomography) scans of the head show a large metastatic cancer of the brain (A) in a patient enrolled in a Pharmacyclics, Inc. sponsored gadolinium(III) texaphyrin (PCI-0120) Phase Ib/II clinical trial. The tumor mass and surrounding edema cause the brain tissue to shift across the midline in (A). After intravenous injection of PCI-0120 (ten treatments) and radiation therapy (ten treatments, total radiation dose of 30 Gy), the tumor is eliminated, leaving some residual edema with the reduction of the shift, as illustrated in (B)...

In early 2009, a phase II clinical trial sponsored by a company aptly named CherryPharm was launched to determine the effects of drinking cherry juice on pain perception in subjects with severe knee osteoarthritis. This human research was based on laboratory studies charting inflammation-induced pain behavior in rats. Results showed that tart cherry extracts reduce inflammation-induced pain and edema similarly to a dose of the pain-relief drug indomethacin. Although these studies indicate that tart cherry anthocyanins may have a beneficial role in the treatment of inflammatory pain, most of this research is based on test-tube or rat studies, meaning that progress remains within the lower half of the research pyramid. 

Complex impedance data can also be given as modulus and phase. Phase has been used as an index of nutrition. This is true only in comparison between vectors with the same modulus. For instance, short vectors with a small phase angle are associated with edema, whereas long vectors with an increased phase angle indicate dehydration. The prediction error of fat mass is too high for clinical use (standard error of the estimate in the order of 3-4 L for TBW and 3-4 kg for the fat-free mass) (Sun et al. 2003). 

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