Pseudocalanus acuspes

FIGURE 18.12 Predation pressure (C/P—sprat population consumption per copepod production) by sprat on the copepods Pseudocalanus acuspes (blackbars) and Temora longicornis (grey bars) data are from Mollmann and Koster, 2002. 

FIGURE 18.13 Scheme summarizing the processes leading to the present low cod/high sprat ecosystem in the central Baltic Sea grey arrows indicate salinity/oxygen-driven processes, hlack arrows indicate temperature-driven processes, dotted hlack arrows indicate a trophic cascade from cod to sprat and Pseudocalanus acuspes, F Fishery, C Cod, SPR Sprat, PS P. acuspes, AC Acartia spp. 

Renz, J., Hirche, H.-J., 2006. Life-cycle of Pseudocalanus acuspes Giesbrecht (Copepoda, Calanoida) in the Central Baltic Sea 1. Seasonal and spatial distribution. Marine Biology, 148, 567-580. 

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