Climate change variability

Finally, increases in the intensity or variability of weather are considered another form of indirect evidence reflecting whether Earth is currently undergoing human-driven climate change. Predictions of increased incidence of extreme temperatures, tornadoes, thunderstorms, dust storms and fire-promoting weather have been drawn from basic global climate change theoiy. However, evidence has not so far borne out these predictions on a global scale. The IPCC concludes ... 

Anthropogenic Emissions and Climate Variability. Journal of Geophysical Research 103(DI 3) 15979-15993. Fkickinger, J., ct al. (1999). Variations in Atmospheric NjO Concentration During Abrupt Climate Changes. Science 285 227-230. 

The inherent temporal variability of climate thus obscures the search for long-term climatic signals. In addition, the search is plagued by the great spatial variability of climatic change. 

How well do GCMs simulate the spatial variability of climatic change Today s GCMs utilize data grids that partition the atmosphere into cells, each covering an area about the size of Colorado. A mean state of the atmosphere (temperature, humidity, cloud cover, for example) is computed for each cell. Consequently, any ou ut statistics (the prediction) has a lower spatial resolution (more genei ized, less detailed) than the real atmosphere is likely to manifest. 

Climatic change may occur as fluctuations in means and/or extremes of climatic variables. Most studies of climatic change, however, focus almost exclusively on trends in mean values of climatic variables (usually temperature). In fact, a climatic shift also may be manifest as an increase or decrease in the frequency of occurrence of extremes. That is, episodes of drought or excessive rainfall or record high or low temperatures may become more or less frequent. Changes in frequency of extremes may occur with little or no concurrent change in means. 

There is a striking contrast between the millennial variability of polar interglacial and glacial temperature histories. Whereas climate changes were frequent and large throughout... 

Rowell DP (2005) A scenario of European climate change for the late twenty-first century seasonal means and interannual variability. Clim Dyn 25 837-849. doi 10.1007/s00382-005-... 

Climate Variability, Climate Change, and Climate Adaptation. 67... 

The area of California influenced by a Mediterranean climate is home to over 30 million people. Climate variability and human water demand make freshwater a very precious resource. Allocations of water to cities, agriculture, and the environment create continual tension as demands for this vital and over-allocated resource grow. This paper presents a brief overview of water resource science and policy in a Mediterranean climate with substantial challenges from climate variability, climate change, and increasing human need. 

First, climate change is connected to global weather patterns that may increase the potential for losses so large. As more severe weather becomes more common and overall variability of conditions increases, there is a threat for the solvency of insurance companies. 

The inventory results should be presented in clear form, how much and what substances from the environment enter the system and how much get out. These results serve for subsequent life cycle impact assessment [48], The aim of the life cycle impact assessment is to measurably compare the environmental impacts of product systems and to compare their severity with new quantifiable variables identified as impact category. The impact categories are areas of specific environmental problems such as global warming, climate changes, acidification, eutrophication, ecotoxicity and others. Already in the phase of definition of the LCA study scope, it is necessary to describe what impact category will be applied and which of their environmental mechanisms will serve as a basis for impact assessment [46],... 

Research is needed to evaluate the interactions of all cultivation variables that influence plant product composition. Climate induces a large variation in levels of phytochemicals and so data from more than one year are needed. This is reinforced by the global climatic changes we are currently facing and also based on future predictions of climate shifts. 

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