Cleaning and Regeneration

After separation, wash the gel with two bed volumes of 2 M KCl or 6 M guanidinium chloride and re-equilibrate it. If this purification is not sufficient, cycle the gel as described in Sect. 3.4.1. 

Store the gel in a refrigerator in the presence of a non-ionic biocide, e.g., alkylbenzoates (parabenes) or Neolone, or in 20% ethanol (v/v). 

Rossomando EF (1990) In Deutscher M P (ed.) Guide to protein purification (Meth Enzymol Vol. 182). Academic Press, San Diego, p 309 Amersham Biosciences (2004) Ion exchange chromatography Principles and methods. ISBN 91 970490-3-4. www.chromatography.amershambiosciences.com 

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Dyna Sand Filter. A filter that avoids batch backwashing for cleaning, the Dyna Sand Filter is available from Parkson Corporation. The bed is continuously cleaned and regenerated by recycling solids internally through an air-lift pipe and a sand washer. Thus a constant pressure drop is maintained across the bed, and the need for parallel fdters to low continued on-stream operation, as with conventional designs, is avoided. 

Backwash The countercurrent flow of water through a resin bed (that is, in at the bottom of the exchange unit, out at the top) to clean and regenerate the bed after exhaustion. 

Hua et al. [71] carried out automated determination of total arsenic in seawater by flow constant-current stripping with gold fibre electrodes in which the sample was acidified and pentavalent arsenic was reduced to the trivalent form with iodide. The arsenic was then deposited potentiostatically for 4 min on a 25 xm gold fibre electrode, and subsequently stripped with constant current in 5 M hydrochloric acid. Cleaning and regeneration of the gold electrode were fully automated. 

F. Rabel and K. Palmer, Am. Lab., August 1992, p. 65.] Between uses, reversed-phase columns can be stored in methanol or in water-organic solvent mixtures that do not contain salts. Normal-phase columns should be stored in 2-propanol or hexane. See also R. E. Majors, The Cleaning and Regeneration of Reversed-Phase HPLC Columns, LCGC 2003,21, 19. 

There has not been adequate investigation into physical and physicochemical cleaning methods for RO membranes (70). It was commented that there is httle published information on membrane cleaning and regeneration. Most cleaning studies reported are based on trial and error (4,87). A more systematic approach is required to study the... 

S. Ebrahim, Cleaning and regeneration of membranes in desalination and wastewater applications state-of-the-art. Desalination 96, 225-238 (1994). 

Majors, R. E. The cleaning and regeneration of reversed-phase HPLC columns, LC-GC Eur., 2003a, 16, 7, 404-409. 

MN-200 can not only collect VOCs efficiently but it can also hold them without significant loss until analysis. In addition to the high adsorption capacity, the polymer has the advantage of being easily cleaned and regenerated and allowing desorption of the adsorbed compounds at much lower temperatures. 

A deep bed system that avoids batch backwashing to clean the filter is the Dyna Sand filter. The bed design is continuously cleaned and regenerated by the internal recycling of solids from the bottom of the bed to the top through an air-lift pipe and a sand washer. This filter allows a constant pressure drop across the bed and avoids the need for a parallel filter to allow backwashing. 

Research activity on drug delivery using mesoporous materials currently far exceeds that on nutrient delivery (Bernardos and Kourimska 2013). The widespread use of mesoporous silica as adsorbents for separating functional food ingredients has also been hindered by insufficient chemical stability under t5qDical food processing conditions (Brady et al. 2007). In the food industry, bioseparation media are typically cleaned and regenerated with sodium hydroxide solutions at 80 °C. This specific application area does not look compatible with mesoporous silicon. 

Techniques that have been used for oil cleaning and regeneration... 

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