Clean Chemistry, description

Cleaning validation program Manufacturing SOP and control parameters Process flowchart and description of chemistry Personnel training and safety considerations Quality attributes Assay and yield... 

From the above description it should be evident that Clean technology involves both chemistry and chemical engineering. If industry is to develop the cleaner processes now being demanded we need to establish multidisciplinary teams at the conceptual stage. 

Rarely, however, will the data be in a format suitable for analysis. The more complex the data, the more pre-processing will be needed to put the data in a format suitable for analysis. The next step then is to look at the data and clean as needed. Check the quality of the data. Have the data been entered to suitable precision, for instance, two places behind the decimal Perform descriptive statistics and look at histograms to examine for discordant results. It is not uncommon in large clinical multi-national clinical trials for clinical chemistry data to be of different units between the United States... 

As indicated by this brief description, the process of adsorption of atoms and molecules on solid surfaces involves kinetic as well as static aspects. Obviously, the sequence of steps (l)-(5) above is a complex kinetic phenomenon. On the other hand, measuring the physical properties of an adsoibed atom, molecule or fragment concerns the static nature of that species. In both cases the structure and chemical composition of the clean surface is of importance, because the properties of the adsoibed species depend sensitively on the local structure and chemistry of the adsorprion site. Thus the description of adsorbed layers on surfaces is not thinkable without a detailed knowledge of clean surfaces. It is therefore no coincidence that the current volume of Adsorbed Layers follows the Landolt-Bomstein volume on Clean Surfaces. Important data characterizing clean surfaces of metals, semiconductors etc. are collected in the Landolt-Bomstein volumes III/24, subvolumes A-D. 

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