Clausius-Clapeyron equation metal

Circulation flow system, measurement of reaction rate, 28 175-178 Clausius-Clapeyron equation, 38 171 Clay see also specific types color tests, 27 101 compensation behavior, 26 304-307 minerals, ship-in-bottle synthesis, metal clusters, 38 368-379 organic syntheses on, 38 264-279 active sites on montmorillonite for aldol reaction, 38 268-269 aldol condensation of enolsilanes with aldehydes and acetals, 38 265-273 Al-Mont acid strength, 38 270-271, 273 comparison of catalysis between Al-Mont and trifluorometfaanesulfonic acid, 38 269-270... 

For the Clausius-Clapeyron equation to be valid the process must be univariant. This means that Eq. (9-10) can be applied only for constant concentration of adsorbate on the surface, that is, constant 6. If adsorption-equilibrium data are available at different temperatures, the slopes of p-vs-T curves at constant 6 may be used with Eq. (9-10) to calculate AH,. Figure 9-2, taken from Beeck, shows such isosteric heats of adsorption as a function of 9 for hydrogen on several metal films. These results are typical of almost all heats-of adsorption in showing a decrease in AH, with increasing surface coverage. 

Univariant Systems.—Equilibrium between liquid and vapour. Vaporisation curve. Upper limit of vaporisation curve. Theorems of van t Hoff and of Le Chatelier. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Presence of complex molecules. Equilibrium between solid and vapour. Sublimation curve. Equilibrium between solid and liquid. Curve of fusion. Equilibrium between solid, liquid, and vapour. The triple point. Complexity of the solid state. Theory of allotropy. Bivariant systems. Changes at the triple point. Polymorphism. Triple point Sj—Sg— V. Transition point. Transition curve. Enantiotropy and monotropy. Enantiotropy combined with monotropy. Suspended transformation. Metastable equilibria. Pressure-temperature relations between stable and metastable forms. Velocity of transformation of metastable systems. Metastability in metals produced by mechanical stress. Law of successive reactions. 

Latent heats of evaporation and sublimation of metals have been calculated from the vapour pressures by the Clapeyron-Clausius equation ( 7.VIII L). 

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