Piping classified areas

Nonconductive plastic pipe should not be used for transfer of ignitable powder or for any powder transfer through electrically classified areas. Hazards comprise brush discharges, PBDs and external sparks due to induction. Charge accumulation is discussed in 5-3.2.1. 

Organic contaminants can be released to the surface in different ways, and contamination can be classified as point source and nonpoint source (or diffuse source). As an example of a nonpoint source, we discuss the case of pesticides applied during agricultural activity over large areas an example of point source contamination is given by the behavior of petroleum products that reach the subsurface as a result of leakage (or a spill) from pipes or from a gas station. 

Water pollution results from a number of sources including agricultural runoff, erosion, industrial wastes, domestic wastes, and road runoff. Water pollution can be classified as either point source or nonpoint source. Point source pollution is emitted from a specific, well-defined location such as a pipe. Nonpoint sources refer to pollutants dispersed over a wide area from many different areas. A sewer pipe would be an example of a point source and fertilizer runoff from a field would represent nonpoint source pollution. 

The divided areas should be provided with sewer boxes or catch basins. The separate sewer systems are now to be connected to the properly classified sewers. Sewer box or catch basin outlet connections may be at the bottom or side depending upon the sewer invert limits (see Figure 8-3). The term invert refers to the elevation at the bottom inside surface of the sewer pipe. 

In pipelines, normally, the area between 5 o clock and 7 o clock is the venue that must first be examined for MIC. Therefore, MIC in pipelines can be classified as a special case of bottom-line corrosion. This is also important because in your regular investigations of the interior of the pipe, you will know that this section of the pipe may need more scrutiny. 

As discussed for the depropanizer, Aspen IPE prepares the Capital Estimate Report, MCB.ccp, which contains detailed listings of the items to be procured to install the equipment (classified in the areas of piping, instrumentation, electrical, structural steel, and insulation), estimates of the man-hours required for installation, estimates of the costs, and an installation schedule. Estimates for contractor engineering and indirect costs are listed as well. 

Fibre glass This glass is classified as either wool or textile. More than a dozen companies produce textile fibers for draperies, tyres, paper, etc. More than 80% of production is used for building insulation, the remainder for industrial equipment and pipe insulation. Growth of the insulation market has been faster than the textile area because of the demand for additional insulation in both new and existing building. 

The consequences of both gas and dust explosions will depend upon the environment in which the mixture (dust or gas cloud) is contained or, in the case of the gas cloud, what it engulfs. A gas explosion will be classified in relation to the environment in which the explosion takes place, for example confined gas explosions which occur within vessels, pipes, tunnels or channels, or unconfined gas explosions commonly referred to as unconfined vapour cloud explosions, which occur in process plants and other unconfined areas. 

Most of the activity from any such steam and water leakage is associated with activation products which have been retained by the pipework lagging. This, incidentally, has given a useful method of leak detection when the reactor is shut down and depressurized. The feed heater cell is classified as a restricted radiation area principally because it contains bled st earn pipes and the primary circuit polishing plant. However, access has been possible at all times for visual inspection, and some maintenance work has been performed with the reactor at full power. 

When the fluid is sodium, the temperature criterion is not considered to be critical. Therefore, the primary coolant pipe in MONJU can be classified into MEFS piping and it is relevant to employ the point of view about the size of failure in the postulation of maximum leak path area. In this study, conservativeness of postulated leak path area, Dt/4 is discussed. 

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