Classification of Organic Compounds by Functional Groups

In Table 2-2 we generally have used systematic names as first-choice names because these names emphasize the relationships between the compounds and ease the burden of the beginning student in having to remember many special names. We have little hope that systematic names such as methanal, 2-propanone, and ethanoic acid soon will replace the commonly used nonsystematic names formaldehyde, acetone, and acetic acid. But there is no question that every organic chemist knows what compounds the names methanal, 2-propanone, and ethanoic acid represent, so the beginner can communicate with these names and later become familiar with and use the special names. We will have more to say on this subject in Chapter 3. 

Exercise 2-1 Draw the Lewis electron-pair structure of 2-propanone (acetone) clearly showing the bonding and nonbonding electron pairs in the valence shell of each atom. Draw structural formulas for other compounds having the composition C3H60 that possess 

Types and Examples of Organic Compounds Arranged According to Functional Groups 

Hydrocarbons, R—Ha Alkanes CH3CH2CH3 propane Alkenes ch3ch=ch2 propene Alkynes ch3c=ch propyne Cycloalkanes ch2-ch2 /. ch2 ch2 / ch2-ch2 cyclohexane Arenes HC—CH // HC CH / HC CH benzene 

Alcohols, R—OH CH3CH2—OH ethanol (ethyl alcohol) Ethers, R—0—R CH3CH2—0—ch2ch3 ethoxyethane (diethyl ether) Halides, R—X CH3CH2—Br bromoethane (ethyl bromide) Aldehydes, RCHO ch3 C—0 / H ethanal (acetaldehyde) Ketones, R2CO CH3 C=0 / ch3 2-propanone (acetone) 

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