Classification, of amines

The use of trifluoroacetic acid as both a protonat-ing agent and a solvent frequently allows classification of amines as primary, secondary, or tertiary. This is illustrated in Table 3.4 in which the number of protons on nitrogen determines the multiplicity of the methylene... 

TABLE 3.4 Classification of Amines by NMR of their Ammonium Salts in Trifluoroacetic Acid. 

A How is the classification of alcohols into primary, secondary, or tertiary different from the classification of amines into primary, secondary, or tertiary (other than that alcohols contain oxygen and amines contain nitrogen) ... 

Phosphine(s), chirality of, 314 Phosphite, DNA synthesis and, 1115 oxidation of, 1116 Phospholipid, 1066-1067 classification of, 1066 Phosphopantetheine, coenzyme A from. 817 structure of, 1127 Phosphoramidite, DNA synthesis and, 1115 Phosphoranc, 720 Phosphoric acid, pKa of, 51 Phosphoric acid anhydride, 1127 Phosphorus, hybridization of, 20 Phosphorus oxychloride, alcohol dehydration with. 620-622 Phosphorus tribromide, reaction with alcohols. 344. 618 Photochemical reaction, 1181 Photolithography, 505-506 resists for, 505-506 Photon, 419 energy- of. 420 Photosynthesis, 973-974 Phthalic acid, structure of, 753 Phthalimide, Gabriel amine synthesis and, 929... 

Figure 11.42 Classification of the amines and dicarbonyl backbones of the Fe(ll) library.

Figure 1. The Ahlquist-Lands classification of the sypmpathomi-metic amines...

The three general classifications of acid-gas removal processes are 1) amines, 2) activated hot potassium carbonate, and 3) physical solvents. These systems each have preferred operating ranges, as generally controlled by the acid-gas partial pressure, have different energy requirements, and offer different degrees of selectivity. 

Since the mixture invariably shows properties that neither component can show alone, it is obvious that the combination is a major classification component. When the harmaline component is a plant mixture containing harmaline, a common name that is used is Ayahuasca. This can be any of a large number of carboline-containing plants (or even harmaline itself) combined with a really wide variety of amines ranging from the tryptamines to mushrooms to such diverse materials as Jimpson Weed components. These combinations are usually unknown as to exact composition, and they will be discussed in a chapter devoted to just this combination, entitled "Hoasca vs. Ayahuasca." On the other hand, when the components are discrete compounds, the process is much more controlled (in the experimental sense rather than in the effects sense) and these combinations are gathered in the recipe for harmaline. 

Chemical classification of the amine function. The classification of primary, secondary or tertiary amines should be carried out by means of the reaction with nitrous acid. 

Nitrous acid test. The conditions of the test are similar to those described for the classification of primary amines (Section 9.5.2, p. 1215), but using acetic acid in place of hydrochloric acid. An a-amino acid yields nitrogen and an a-hydroxy acid. 

Amine oxidases catalyze the oxidation of amines, diamines, and polyamines. According to their ability to recognize one of those substrates preferentially, amine oxidases may be divided into monoamine oxidases, diamine oxidases, and polyamine oxidases, respectively. Several different enzymes fall into the amine oxidase class, and the classification of some of them still remains ambiguous. The term monoamine oxidase (flavin-containing, EC 1.4.3.4) was introduced to contrast with copper-containing amine oxidases (EC 1.4.3.6). 

---